关于英语词汇中常用的前缀和后缀的详细资料
前缀:1.表示否定的：dis ---dislike不喜欢 un---unhappy不开心的 non---nonstop不停的
in---inexperienced 没有经验的 im----impossible不可能的
il----illegal不合法的 ir----irregular 不规则的
ab----abnormal不正常的
2.变为动词的：en----enlarge 扩大
后缀:１．变为名词的：ness----happiness幸福 ment----development发展
tion----action 行动 sion---discussion讨论
ty----loyalty 忠诚
２．变为动作的执行者： er---teacher教师 or----actor演员
ar----beggar乞丐
3.变为否定的：less---useless 没有用的
４．变为动词的: ize----standardize使标准化
5.变为形容词的：ed-----disorganised 杂乱无章的
反提案什么意思
反提案(counter-ofer)。 也就是说对方提出一个要求或者贸易条件，你对这个条件不认可你不就这个条件作出回答或者还盘，你重新提出一个和对方这个条件互为存在的另外一个条件。有点像合同中的新要约。比如你打出租车，出租车亮“空车”的灯，这是要约邀请，你抬手的话就是要约，出租车司机停下，但是当你上车之后你告诉他去XX地，他说快交车了他不去，让你作别的车，其中“作别的车”对你来说就是反提案
关于袜子的英语作文
One fine afternoon I was walking along Fifth Avenue，when I remembered that it was necessary to buy a pair of socks. I turned into the first sock shop that caught my eye，and a boy clerk who could not have been more than seventeen years old came forward. “What can I do for you，sir?”“I wish to buy a pair of socks.” His eyes glowed. There was a note of passion in his voice. “Did you know that you had come into the finest place in the world to buy socks.”I had not been aware of that，as my Entrance examination had been accidental. “Come with me，” said the boy，ecstatically. I followed him to the rear of the shop，and he began to haul down from the shelves box after box，displaying their contents for my delectation.
“Hold on，lad，I am going to buy only one pair!”“I know that，”said he，“but I want you to see how marvelously beautiful these are. Aren’t they wonderful?” There was on his face an expression of solemn and holy rapture， as if he were revealing to me the mysteries of his religion. I became far more interested in him than in the socks. I looked at him in amazement. “My friend，”said I，“if you can keep this up，if this is not merely the enthusiasm that comes from novelty，from having a new job，if you can keep up this zeal and excitement day after day， in ten years you will own every sock in the United States.”
请高手翻译一下下面的关于袜子方面的外贸英文
一个朋友总结的外贸方面的袜子术语,现在拿出来与大家分享,我们一起来感谢我的朋友! 如有不准确的地方,各位高手指正!谢谢! 200N single cylinder sock 200针单筒袜 200N double cylinder sock 200针双筒袜 nylon covered spandex 尼龙包氨纶 lycra spandex 莱卡氨纶 combed cotton 精梳棉 carded yarns 粗梳棉纱 mercerized cotton 丝光棉 jacquard thread 提花线 T/C，P/C 涤棉 non-skid socks 点胶袜 corespun spandex 包芯氨纶丝 D.K. jacquard 双面提花（针织） singed yarn 烧毛纱线 spun -dyed yarn 色纺纱 mercerized yarn 丝光纱 long-staple cotton 长绒棉 terry-loop hosiery 毛圈袜 cushioned 毛圈 elastic 橡筋 thin 平板 ribtop 罗口 elastic ribtop 橡筋罗口 spandex 氨纶 polyester 涤纶,高弹 heel to top /leg 上统 top to toe /foot 下统 cuff 罗口 nylon/polyamide 尼龙/锦纶 top length 罗口高度 leg length 上统 foot length 下统 TT 等于POLYESTER 3075 SPANDEX POLYESTER 高弹 NO SHOW 上统大约7.5公分 LOW CUT 上统大约9公分 QUARTER CUT上统9公分以上 bottom （很有可能是阴阳袜 有白加灰什么的就是袜身加袜底） 200 needle computer plain socks w /hand linking 200针平板素色手工缝头袜 ladies&kid ’s 200 needle computer rocawear socks 200针女式/儿童电脑袜 black 黑色 heather charcoal 碳黑 brown 褐色 taupe 浅灰 sand /almon 砂子色 stone 石子色 olive grn 橄榄色 navy 丈青色 powder pink 粉红 heather grey 灰色 seal brown 深褐色 emerald 翠绿色 marle 并线 acrylic 晴纶 doubleing 并线 lable, logo 商标 shipping sample 船样 lable/hang tag 吊牌 sticker 不干胶 bundle 腰封袋 paper tapes 腰封 poly bag 塑料袋 hanger 挂钩 copin 铝扣 in box 内箱 C/T box 外箱 LCL 拼箱 FCL 整箱 Density 密度 dirty spot 污点 Color shading 色差 color bleeding 渗色 Colorfast 不腿色的 color fading 腿色 blend 混纺 Feather yarns 羽毛纱 manmade & syhthetic yarns 人造纤维和合成纤维 Silk/cotton blended yarns 丝棉混纺纱 thread线 Polyamide yarns 锦纶纱线/丝 cotton/spandex yarns棉/氨纶包芯纱 dyes 染料 Wool yarns 羊毛纱/毛纱 check 格子 stripe条子/条纹 two-tone 双色 weaving bags编织袋 wooden case 木箱 neutral packing中性包装 loose packing 散装 cost sheet 成本单 cotton string 棉绳 bleach 漂白麻烦采纳，谢谢!
15个英语单选题，求解
1. We should be pleased to send you a sample __A__ our own expense. (at one's own expense:自费）我们将乐意自费为你提供样品。
A. at
B. in
C. against
D. of
2. Good harvest __B__ this year has made it possible for us to supply walnuts last year’s prices. (今年的丰收使我们可以按去年的价格向你们提供胡桃。）
A. at
B. in
C. against
D. on
3. Any alteration in design would mean re-setting our machines, and the cost of this would be prohibitive _C___ you could place an order for more than 5,000. (任何设计变更即意味着重新配置我们的机器。因成本巨大，因此禁止改变设计，除非你们的订单大于5000。）
A. until
B. with
C. unless
D. when
4. After studying our prices and our liberal terms, you will understand why we are working ___B_ capacity to meet the demand. (To capacity:满负载地）只要了解一下了我们的价格及自由条款，你就会理解我们为何要满负载地工作，以满足要求。
A. on
B. to
C. for
D. of
5. Thank you for your remittance of US $ 2,150.00 _D___ the 70% freight due under Invoice No.22B/96. 感谢贵公司支付的70%的运费（即：US $ 2,150.00 )，其发票号为：22B/96
A. of paying
B. pay for
C. for payment for
D. in payment of
6. It will be appreciated __B__ you could effect shipment in two equal lots by direct steamer ____ you receive our L/C. 贵公司若能在收到我们的信用证后，立即安排直达班轮分两批次发货。我们将不甚感激！
A. when, when
B. if, as soon as
C. when, which
D. will, soon
7. "Virtual shops" may lack see-and-feel sampling,---A--- the phenomenal growth of catalogue shopping, TV-and-phone marketing and phone-banking in recent years is proof that see-and-feel is not the only way to sell. “虚拟商店”可能缺少触摸样品，但近些年目录商店、电视手机促销和手机银行的迅猛发展表明，触摸并不是唯一的销售方式。
A. While
B. If that
C. When
D. Which
8. The goods were examined by a public surveyor upon arrival at your port, __D__ we cannot but accept your claims as tendered. 商品到达贵港后，接受了公正检查员的检验，因为我们不得不接受你们的索赔。
A. If
B. Despite
C. Though
D. Since
9. The discount of 5% agreed on was granted only _B___ no balance was outstanding from previous account. 仅在欠款付清的情况下，才给予商定的5%折扣。
A. on condition
B. on condition that
C. that
D. depends on
10. We can assure you that these suitings are very popular in the Far-East Markets, _C___ we have had some experience. 我们可以向你保证，这些西装料在远东市场很畅销，因为我们了解行情。
A. which
B. that
C. of which
D. of that
11. In connection with your invitation _D___ for Bid No.0082/95CH dated May 30,1996, the ____ would like to participate in the bid for the supply of Equipment Item No.0302 and the Qualifications Documents as required. 关于贵部1996年5月30日邀请的投标（编号0082/95CH ），我们愿意参与0302项下的设备提供投标，并随附资质文件。
A. undersign, submit
B. undersigning, submitting
C. undersigned, submit
D. undersigned, submitted
12. We are confident that the package of our products will _D___ the roughest handling in transit. 我们相信，我们的产品包装可以抵抗转运过程中的搬运。
A. stand up
B. stand to
C. suffer from
D. stand
13. We regret having received your offer too late, because we _D___ our needs elsewhere. 非常遗憾，贵公司报价过晚。我们已在其他地方找到供应。
A. already cover
B. already covered
C. have already cover
D. had already covered
14. In mass media, big advertising dollar rules. But by doing business on the Net, a small firm might _C___ just as effectively through search engines. 大众传媒，巨额广告投入是王道。但网上经商者，可通过搜索引擎宣传自己。
A. get itself know
B. get himself know
C. get itself known
D. get known himself
15. Please check the enclosed fax opening the credit to ensure that it __C__ your instructions. 请核查随附开证传真，确认其与你的指示一致。
A. agrees
B. agrees to
C. agrees with 与。。。一致
D. agrees upon
汇总：ABCBD BADBC DDDCC
仅供参考！
15道英语单选题
21. C 前一个空“一个有趣的故事”第二空特指“这个故事”
22. B 根据句意只有日本是岛国
23. A A. 不可能的 B.奇妙的C.有趣的D.必要的 只要你用心，世上没有什么是不可能的
24. C 根据回答的“park itright here”说明应该是问在哪里停车
25. B spend + 时间+ on sth.
26. D 我不喜欢吃零食，我女儿也不喜欢
27. C
28. B not yet 还没
29. B
30. B continue doing sth. 接着做……
31. B have gone 去某地还没回 have been 去某地回来了
32. D 开阔，拓宽
33. B 她在1998年结婚，从此有了一个幸福的家庭
34. A used to 过去常常
35. A 最好不要，爸爸在睡觉
中文翻译成英文
Due to internal factors such as imperfect corporate governance structure, unreasonable business structure, poor professional skill level of employees and external factors such as insufficient supervision, talent shortage and financial crisis, the bank has poor operation and insolvency, which may lead to bankruptcy of the bank. The bankruptcy of the contractor bank is a typical case. This paper makes a deep analysis of the reasons for the bankruptcy of the contractor bank【摘要】
中文翻译成英文【提问】
亲，你的问题详细描述一下【回答】
2021年2月7日，北京市第一中级人民法院作出《民事裁决书》，裁定包商银行破产。对于普通投资者来说，我们认为银行是国有企业，是有国家信用做担保的，所以在银行存款是100%安全的，然而我们忽略了，银行也是企业，银行也是“自主经营，自负盈亏”的。由于银行公司治理结构不完善、业务结构不合理、从业人员职业技能水平不过关等内部因素和监管力度不足、人才短缺、金融危机等外部因素，导致银行经营不善，出现资不抵债，就有可能致使银行走向破产。包商银行破产就是一个典型的案例。本文对包商银行破产的原因进行深入的分析，探索相应的解决措施，并提出本人的一些启示。希望能够给投资者、银行、银行业监管机构提供一定的帮助，为促进我国银行业健康、有效的发展贡献自己的力量。【提问】
中文翻译成英文，不能用翻译软件【提问】
好的【回答】
On February 7, 2021, the first intermediate people's Court of Beijing made a civil ruling, ruling that the contractor bank was bankrupt. For ordinary investors, we think that banks are state-owned enterprises and are guaranteed by national credit, so their deposits in banks are 100% safe. However, we ignore that banks are also enterprises, and banks are also "self operating and self financing".【回答】
Due to internal factors such as imperfect corporate governance structure, unreasonable business structure, poor professional skill level of employees and external factors such as insufficient supervision, talent shortage and financial crisis, the bank has poor operation and insolvency, which may lead to bankruptcy of the bank. The bankruptcy of the contractor bank is a typical case. This paper makes a deep analysis of the reasons for the bankruptcy of the contractor bank【回答】
explores the corresponding solutions, and puts forward some enlightenment. I hope to provide some help to investors, banks and banking regulators, and contribute to the healthy and effective development of China's banking industry.【回答】
中文翻译成英文
1：一些空龙像绵羊一样温顺。
1: some empty dragon like sheep docile.
2：在那一刻对他来说警铃听起来就像音乐一样好听。
2: at that moment for him, the alarm sounds like music as well.
3：他像老黄牛一样辛勤地工作。
3: he like to work as hard LaoHuangNiu.
4：两条路你随便走哪一条。
4: you may take either of the roads.
5：他们不是德国人就是俄罗斯人。
5: they are not German is the russians.
6：在如此脏的河里游泳。
6: in such dirty swimming in the river.
7：在底下建房子。
7: building at the bottom.
帮忙找下以in，en，dis，re，mis，un为前缀的单词，每个需要十个单词
dis-主要加在名词、形容词，动词之前，dis-为否定前缀的词有：disadvantage缺点、dishonorable不光彩的、disaGREe不同意、disappear消失、disarm解除武装、disconnect失去联系
un-主要放于名词，形容词，副词前面，常见的例子有unfinished未完成的、undoubted无疑的、unemployment失业。
anti-加在名词、形容词前边。最常见的是anti-Japanese抗日战争、anti-social厌恶社会的 反社会的、antidite解毒的药；
de-加在名词、形容词前，常见的例词有decrease减少，deteriorate恶化，demobilize遣散 使…复员、decolor 脱色 漂白；
mis-加在动词、名词前，例词misunderstand误解、misjudge误判、misleading误导、misfortune不幸；
in-常加在形容词，名词之前，如incorrect不正确的、inability无能 无力、inaccurate不准确的等；
其他还有：
a-ab-主要加在形容词动词前，例如atypical非典型性的，abnormal非正常的；abuse滥用、错误使用、虐待；
counter-加在名词、动词前，例如：counterstrike反击、counteract抵抗阻碍、counterrevolution反革命。
il-主要加在以1开头的单词的前边，比如：illegal非法的、illiterate文盲的、illogical不合逻辑的；
im-加在字母m,b,p之前，这样的词有impossible不可能的、impolite不礼貌的
ir-放在以r开头的英语单词前面，比如：irregular不稳定的、irresistable不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的 不能解决的；
mal-主要加在形容词名词之前，例如malfunction功能紊乱，malicious恶意的；
non-加在形容词、名词前，这样以non-为否定前缀的词有non-existence不存在、non-essential不主要的、non-electrical非电的；提问者评价两个几乎相同的答案一起提交的，没办法，不能选两个人，只能挑快了一分钟的了
怎样写一篇好的RESEARCH PROPOSAL
每个学术研究者必须经历的一道关卡，就是Research Proposal的写作。它大致对应中文里的“开题报告”、“选题报告”、“研究报告”，是一项研究开始之前的提纲、规划和陈述；既是为了帮助自己梳理文献、整理思路、廓清方向，也常常是写给相关他人的说明：研究动机和意义何在？可能有何成果？为什么它值得你的资助/认可/支持/批准？不知道是否可以说，好的proposal是研究成功的一半。但实际而功利的说，如果你的proposal很烂，可能根本就不会有开始研究的机会。
How to write a research proposal?
能否写出漂亮的proposal，本质上取决于你对研究的思考深度和专业水准。但形式也很重要。英文的Research Proposal自有一套“八股”。程式化和结构化的好处就在于，可以让读者直接集中注意到最本质的内容上，而不是为形式分神。对于非英语native speaker的我们，如何理解英文学术世界的规范或曰思维定势，也是写作proposal之前必备的背景知识。下面这篇流传甚广的Research Proposal写作指南，言简意赅，颇具启发，对我自己的写作有所帮助，也希望能给更多的学界同仁带来便利。[点击这里，查看更多关于RESEARCH PROPOSAL以及GRANT PROPOSAL、PROJECT PROPOSAL写作的网上资源]
文章作者Paul T. P. Wong, Ph.D., C.Psych. (Research Director, Graduate Program in Counselling Psychology. Trinity Western University Langley, BC, Canada). 题为：How to Write a Research Proposal. 全文转载如下：
Most students and beginning researchers do not fully understand what a research proposal means, nor do they understand its importance. To put it bluntly, one’s research is only as a good as one’s proposal. An ill-conceived proposal dooms the project even if it somehow gets through the Thesis Supervisory Committee. A high quality proposal, on the other hand, not only promises success for the project, but also impresses your Thesis Committee about your potential as a researcher.
A research proposal is intended to convince others that you have a worthwhile research project and that you have the competence and the work-plan to complete it. Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include sufficient information for the readers to evaluate the proposed study.
Regardless of your research area and the methodology you choose, all research proposals must address the following questions: What you plan to accomplish, why you want to do it and how you are going to do it.
The proposal should have sufficient information to convince your readers that you have an important research idea, that you have a good grasp of the relevant literature and the major issues, and that your methodology is sound.
The quality of your research proposal depends not only on the quality of your proposed project, but also on the quality of your proposal writing. A good research project may run the risk of rejection simply because the proposal is poorly written. Therefore, it pays if your writing is coherent, clear and compelling.
This paper focuses on proposal writing rather than on the development of research ideas.
TITLE:
It should be concise and descriptive. For example, the phrase, “An investigation of . . .” could be omitted. Often titles are stated in terms of a functional relationship, because such titles clearly indicate the independent and dependent variables. However, if possible, think of an informative but catchy title. An effective title not only pricks the reader’s interest, but also predisposes him/her favourably towards the proposal.
ABSTRACT:
It is a brief summary of approximately 300 words. It should include the research question, the rationale for the study, the hypothesis (if any), the method and the main findings. Descriptions of the method may include the design, procedures, the sample and any instruments that will be used.
INTRODUCTION:
The main purpose of the introduction is to provide the necessary background or context for your research problem. How to frame the research problem is perhaps the biggest problem in proposal writing.
If the research problem is framed in the context of a general, rambling literature review, then the research question may appear trivial and uninteresting. However, if the same question is placed in the context of a very focused and current research area, its significance will become evident.
Unfortunately, there are no hard and fast rules on how to frame your research question just as there is no prescription on how to write an interesting and informative opening paragraph. A lot depends on your creativity, your ability to think clearly and the depth of your understanding of problem areas.
However, try to place your research question in the context of either a current “hot” area, or an older area that remains viable. Secondly, you need to provide a brief but appropriate historical backdrop. Thirdly, provide the contemporary context in which your proposed research question occupies the central stage. Finally, identify “key players” and refer to the most relevant and representative publications. In short, try to paint your research question in broad brushes and at the same time bring out its significance.
The introduction typically begins with a general statement of the problem area, with a focus on a specific research problem, to be followed by the rational or justification for the proposed study. The introduction generally covers the following elements:
1. State the research problem, which is often referred to as the purpose of the study.
2. Provide the context and set the stage for your research question in such a way as to show its necessity and importance.
3. Present the rationale of your proposed study and clearly indicate why it is worth doing.
4. Briefly describe the major issues and sub-problems to be addressed by your research.
5. Identify the key independent and dependent variables of your experiment. Alternatively, specify the phenomenon you want to study.
6. State your hypothesis or theory, if any. For exploratory or phenomenological research, you may not have any hypotheses. (Please do not confuse the hypothesis with the statistical null hypothesis.)
7. Set the delimitation or boundaries of your proposed research in order to provide a clear focus.
8. Provide definitions of key concepts. (This is optional.)
LITERATURE REVIEW:
Sometimes the literature review is incorporated into the introduction section. However, most professors prefer a separate section, which allows a more thorough review of the literature.
The literature review serves several important functions:
1. Ensures that you are not “reinventing the wheel”.
2. Gives credits to those who have laid the groundwork for your research.
3. Demonstrates your knowledge of the research problem.
4. Demonstrates your understanding of the theoretical and research issues related to your research question.
5. Shows your ability to critically evaluate relevant literature information.
6. Indicates your ability to integrate and synthesize the existing literature.
7. Provides new theoretical insights or develops a new model as the conceptual framework for your research.
8. Convinces your reader that your proposed research will make a significant and substantial contribution to the literature (i.e., resolving an important theoretical issue or filling a major gap in the literature).
Most students’ literature reviews suffer from the following problems:
* Lacking organization and structure
* Lacking focus, unity and coherence
* Being repetitive and verbose
* Failing to cite influential papers
* Failing to keep up with recent developments
* Failing to critically evaluate cited papers
* Citing irrelevant or trivial references
* Depending too much on secondary sources
Your scholarship and research competence will be questioned if any of the above applies to your proposal.
There are different ways to organize your literature review. Make use of subheadings to bring order and coherence to your review. For example, having established the importance of your research area and its current state of development, you may devote several subsections on related issues as: theoretical models, measuring instruments, cross-cultural and gender differences, etc.
It is also helpful to keep in mind that you are telling a story to an audience. Try to tell it in a stimulating and engaging manner. Do not bore them, because it may lead to rejection of your worthy proposal. (Remember: Professors and scientists are human beings too.)
METHODS:
The Method section is very important because it tells your Research Committee how you plan to tackle your research problem. It will provide your work plan and describe the activities necessary for the completion of your project.
The guiding principle for writing the Method section is that it should contain sufficient information for the reader to determine whether methodology is sound. Some even argue that a good proposal should contain sufficient details for another qualified researcher to implement the study.
You need to demonstrate your knowledge of alternative methods and make the case that your approach is the most appropriate and most valid way to address your research question.
Please note that your research question may be best answered by qualitative research. However, since most mainstream psychologists are still biased against qualitative research, especially the phenomenological variety, you may need to justify your qualitative method.
Furthermore, since there are no well-established and widely accepted canons in qualitative analysis, your method section needs to be more elaborate than what is required for traditional quantitative research. More importantly, the data collection process in qualitative research has a far greater impact on the results as compared to quantitative research. That is another reason for greater care in describing how you will collect and analyze your data. (How to write the Method section for qualitative research is a topic for another paper.)
For quantitative studies, the method section typically consists of the following sections:
1. Design -Is it a questionnaire study or a laboratory experiment? What kind of design do you choose?
2. Subjects or participants – Who will take part in your study ? What kind of sampling procedure do you use?
3. Instruments – What kind of measuring instruments or questionnaires do you use? Why do you choose them? Are they valid and reliable?
4. Procedure – How do you plan to carry out your study? What activities are involved? How long does it take?
怎样写一篇好的RESEARCH PROPOSAL
序言：写研究计划书的难处在哪里
研究计划书的重要性暂不讨论。个人认为本科生写研究计划书有这些问题：
1. 几乎从未写过研究计划书，接触科研的机会也不多，也没有相关课程教怎么写。不知如何下手。
2. 不知如何搜索英文文献、从英文文献中搜寻和提炼自己需要的信息。
3. 用英语写学术文章，在遣词造句、思维方式方面比较生疏。
STEP1 定研究题目的大方向
选择标准：与自己的本科专业、相关研究或调研经历、要申请的专业、目标教授有关。
注意：
1. 研究的主题最好是当今国际上比较热的，至少别太过时；
如果时间充裕，可以浏览国际上相关领域知名期刊近年来发的文章的题目和摘要，归纳总结一下别人都在研究些什么；也可以在有几个兴趣方向后，问问相关专业领域的老师，他们会比较清楚。
2. 一开始没必要把题目定的太细致，有个大方向即可。
到下一步阅读文献的过程中，随着对研究主题了解的深入和看别人的研究，会产生很多新的想法。如果一开始就限定死了，很可能到后面就发现这个研究缺乏可行性、或者前人已经研究过了。
STEP2 找文献&阅读文献
文献选择的几个标准
1. 以英语文献为主。参考文献列表中也可以有少量中文文献。在刚开始读文献时，可以先看些中文的，这样方便你了解相关研究背景。以免在看英文文献时云里雾里，看不懂。
2. 相关专业具有影响力的期刊（若不知道，可以咨询相关专业的老师，他们比较清楚）上发的文章；
3. 相关领域权威泰斗人士发的文章（可以追踪他长期的研究，一一阅读他从早期到现在的论文，这样能了解到这个研究主题发展的脉络）；
4. 近几年的文章，太久的（比如10年前的）参考价值降低；
5. 如果你的目标教授有发表相关的英语文章，也可以找出来看看。
6. 中文有很多垃圾期刊，少看那上面的文章，不如不看
7. 硕士和博士学位论文涵盖的内容比较综合，可以看个几篇，用于了解该领域的研究情况，来龙去脉，补充一些基础背景知识之类的。
找文献的方法：
英文：通过google学术搜索。如果你所在的学校买了该数据库，就可以直接下载。
中文：一般是通过中国知网搜索。
日文：我个人建议日文的还是不必了。日文数据库咱们上不去，很少能下载到比较有用的文献，也没必要摆日文参考文献上去展示日语能力。
需要看多少篇文章？
以我个人经验，写一篇研究计划书，需要精读15篇以上英文论文。中文的5-10篇，多看一些也无所谓（看得快嘛），但要避免看垃圾文章。
看文献的Tips（以下是我的一些个人习惯，仅供参考，不一定适用于任何人）
1. 将觉得需要认真看、反复研究的重点文章打印出来，反复看，也方便做记号和前后对照翻阅。
2. 在读的过程中，遇到写得好的、关键的、觉得有可能在研究计划书中用上的句子，复制粘贴到一个word文档里并简要标明出处。
3. 读文献的过程中有任何想法都要赶紧记下来。可以用笔记本手写，也可以建一个word文档记。
4.认真研究英文文献的句子，模仿他们的行文和表述方式。在此推荐一本英语学术写作的书，可以先简要阅读一遍，名字叫《The elements of style》，网上能搜到英文原版和中译版。
STEP3 开始写
1. 写的过程中，记得随时翻阅相关文献（我的习惯是这样的）。觉得写不下去时，就再去看文献，也可以求助于老师或学术能力比较强的师兄师姐。
2. 字数在1500-2000字左右为宜（不包括参考文献）
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英语研究计划书（Research Proposal）各个部分的具体内容
1. Research Title and Theme
研究题目一句话，详细，具体。然后用一小段话概况整个研究计划书，跟写论文摘要类似。
2. Research Context
研究背景。介绍一下关于此主题的研究起源，一些基本的背景资料。这部分可以在你看文献的过程中好好搜集组织。
3. Literature Review
文献综述。这就是你阅读文献和思考的成果。要说清楚关于该主题的研究进展到了什么程度，有哪些方面的观点，各做了一些什么研究，有什么结论。然后从前人的研究中发现了什么问题，因而得到你所要做的研究。
4. Aims and Objectives
此研究要达到什么目的，回答什么问题。可以先写2-3个主要目标。然后有4-5个具体一些的分目标。例如：
This planned research has the following aims:
1）
。。。
Specific research questions that will be addressed include:
1）
2）
。。。
5. Methodology
方法论。即如何研究？如何实现上述的目标？研究计划书最核心的部分之一！！
方法论一定要具体，要可行！！！让人感觉拿着这个“办事流程”就可以直接上手了。
比如说写到发访谈，就应该写清楚访谈对象是谁，采取什么抽样方法，准备访谈哪些问题。
比如说写到要做政策分析，应具体到准备怎么收集政策资料，收集哪些资料，在分析时重点关注什么问题。
