大家来帮帮忙 关于英国文学史的名词解释
The Spenserian stanza is a fixed verse form invented by Edmund Spenser for his epic poem The Faerie Queene. Each stanza contains nine lines in total: eight lines in iambic pentameter followed by a single 'Alexandrine' line in iambic hexameter. The rhyme scheme of these lines is "ababbcbcc."
A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative and set to music. Ballads were particularly characteristic of British and Irish popular poetry and song from the later medieval period until the 19th century and used extensively across Europe and later North America, Australia and North Africa. Many ballads were written and sold as single sheet broadsides. The form was often used by poets and composers from the 18th century onwards to produce lyrical ballads. In the later 19th century it took on the meaning of a slow form of popular love song and the term is now often used as synonymous with any love song.
The sonnet is one of the poetic forms that can be found in lyric poetry from Europe. The term "sonnet" derives from the Occitan word sonet and the Italian word sonetto, both meaning "little song". By the thirteenth century, it had come to signify a poem of fourteen lines that follows a strict rhyme scheme and specific structure. The conventions associated with the sonnet have evolved over its history. The writers of sonnets are sometimes referred to as "sonneteers," although the term can be used derisively. One of the best-known sonnet writers is William Shakespeare, who wrote 154 of them (not including those that appear in his plays). A Shakespearean, or English, sonnet consists of 14 lines, each line containing ten syllables and written in iambic pentameter, in which a pattern of an unemphasized syllable followed by an emphasized syllable is repeated five times. The rhyme scheme in a Shakespearean sonnet is ababcdcdefef gg; the last two lines are a rhyming couplet.
Traditionally, English poets employ iambic pentameter when writing sonnets. In the Romance languages, the hendecasyllable and Alexandrine are the most widely used metres.
Romanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution.[1] In part, it was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature,[2] and was embodied in the visual arts, music, and literature.
The movement validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror and terror and awe—especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories. It elevated folk art and ancient custom to something noble, and argued for a "natural" epistemology of human activities as conditioned by nature in the form of language and customary usage.
Romanticism reached beyond the rational and Classicist ideal models to elevate a revived medievalism and elements of art and narrative perceived to be authentically medieval, in an attempt to escape the confines of population growth, urban sprawl, and industrialism, and it also attempted to embrace the exotic, unfamiliar, and distant in modes more authentic than chinoiserie, harnessing the power of the imagination to envision and to escape.
The modern sense of a romantic character may be expressed in Byronic ideals of a gifted, perhaps misunderstood loner, creatively following the dictates of his inspiration rather than the mores of contemporary society.
Although the movement is rooted in the German Sturm und Drang movement, which prized intuition and emotion over Enlightenment rationalism, the ideologies and events of the French Revolution laid the background from which Romanticism and the Counter-Enlightenment emerged. The confines of the Industrial Revolution also had their influence on Romanticism, which was in part an escape from modern realities; indeed, in the second half of the 19th century, "Realism" was offered as a polarized opposite to Romanticism.[3] Romanticism elevated the achievements of what it perceived as heroic individualists and artists, which would elevate society. It also legitimized the individual imagination as a critical authority which permitted freedom from classical notions of form in art. There was a strong recourse to historical and natural inevitability, a zeitgeist, in the representation of its ideas.
The word carol is derived from the Old French word carole, a circle dance accompanied by singers (in turn derived from the Latin choraula). Carols were very popular as dance songs from the 1150s to the 1350s, after which their use expanded as processional songs sung during festivals, while others were written to accompany religious mystery plays (such as the Coventry Carol, written in 1591).[1]
Following the Protestant Reformation (and the banning of many religious festivities during the British Puritan Interregnum), carols went into a decline due to Calvinist aversion to "nonessential" things associated with Roman Catholicism. However, composers such as William Byrd composed motet-like works for Christmas that they termed carols; and folk-carols continued to be sung in rural areas. Nonetheless, some famous carols were written in this period, including 'The Holly and the Ivy' and they were more strongly revived from the nineteenth century and began to be written and adapted by eminent composers.[2]
In modern times, songs that may once have been regarded as carols are now classified as songs (especially Christmas songs), even those that retain the traditional attributes of a carol - celebrating a seasonal topic, alternating verses and chorus, and danceable music.
Some writers of carols, such as George Ratcliffe Woodward who wrote Ding Dong Merrily on High and William Morris who wrote Masters in this Hall, reverted to a quasi-mediaeval style; this became a feature of the early twentieth century revival in Christmas Carols.
Some composers have written extended works based on carols. Examples include Benjamin Britten (A Ceremony of Carols), Ralph Vaughan Williams (Fantasia on Christmas Carols) and Victor Hely-Hutchinson (Carol Symphony).
In the philosophy of perception, critical realism is the theory that some of our sense-data (for example, those of primary qualities) can and do accurately represent external objects, properties, and events, while other of our sense-data (for example, those of secondary qualities and perceptual illusions) do not accurately represent any external objects, properties, and events.
Contemporary critical realism most commonly refers to a philosophical approach associated with Roy Bhaskar. Bhaskar's thought combines a general philosophy of science (transcendental realism) with a philosophy of social science (critical naturalism) to describe an interface between the natural and social worlds. Critical realism can, however, refer to several other schools of thought, such as the work of the American critical realists (Roy Wood Sellars, George Santayana, and Arthur Lovejoy). The term has also been appropriated by theorists in the science-religion interface community. The Canadian Jesuit Bernard Lonergan developed a comprehensive critical realist philosophy and this understanding of critical realism dominates North America's Catholic Universities.
英语春节对联(6个单词一组)
Time is a vexation，come up roll n roll.时尽艰哉，岁月蹉跎事事侯。
Life is a struggle，have 2 step by 1 step.生多难也，江湖谨慎步步营。
对联2：
上联： Rose sells rose on Rose Road. Rose在玫瑰路上卖玫瑰。
下联：Give me hand， hand in hand. 给我你的手，让我们手牵手。
横联：Nowhere？ Now here！ 任何地方都不？现在在这儿！
对联3：
上联：Everything is possible.任何事都有可能。
下联：Impossible is nothing.没有不可能。
横批：Just do it.只要肯去做。
对联4：
上联：Sea-water tide，day-to-day tide，every-day tide and every-day ebb.海浪涨潮，天天涨潮，天天涨潮，又天天退潮。
下联：Floating-clouds appear，often appear，often appear and often go漂浮的云出项了，经常出现，经常出现，又经常消失。
对联5：
Get bikini from Bikini， bikini in Bikini， swim to Bikini.购泳装来比基尼岛，泳装在比基尼岛，游水到比基尼岛。
Go Bikini for bikini， Bikini sales bikini， swim with bikini.到比基尼岛购泳装，比基尼岛卖泳装，游水需泳装。
对联6：
Open windows of Windows， windows in Windows， shut down Windows.开窗口在视窗，窗口在视窗，关机闭视窗。
Since Miss is miss， Miss always miss，search also miss .女孩竟不在，女孩总不在，找她也不在。
对..的英语是什么?
对的英语是：right
读音：英 [raɪt] 美 [raɪt]
adj. 正确的；直接的；右方的
vi. 复正；恢复平稳
n. 正确；右边；正义
adv. 正确地；恰当地；彻底地
vt. 纠正
n. (Right)人名；(英)赖特
相关词语：
right now 就是现在，马上
all right 好；顺利；正确的
in the right 正确；有理；站在正义的一边
right on [俚]好极了（表示支持、鼓励）；你说得对
双语例句：
1. Instead of complaining about what's wrong, be grateful for what's right.
别抱怨不好的事，要对好的事心存感恩。
2. What is right for us need not be right for others.
对我们来说是对的东西，对别人来说未必正确。
3. People always think I'm a fool, and I dare say they're right.
人们总认为我是个傻瓜，想必他们是对的。
对，你是对的。的英文是什么？
“对，你是对的。”的英文：Yes, you're right.在比较地道的英语中都用“yes”表示对别人看法的肯定。固定搭配：You're right.（你是对的。）例句：Is your greatest hobby basketball?——Yes, you're right.你最大的爱好是打篮球吗？——对，你是对的。扩展资料英语中表示肯定的回答：1、right onRight on意为“好极了”，但是它并不完全是赞同的意思，它还可以用于反驳对方的时候。2、sureSure这个词适用于虽然一开始支支吾吾，但是最终还是表示同意的时候。3、very wellVery well和very good虽然都表示“接受”，不过总有着几分不情愿在里头。
