rival和counterpart的区别？
1、rival n.对手; 竞争者; vt.与…竞争; 比得上某人; vi.竞争; 对手，竞争者不止一个。2、counterpart 对应物，对应项，相对物(这是一一对应的，也就是只有一个)。一、rival 1、英[ˈraɪvl] 美['raɪvl] 2、n. 对手; 竞争者; 3、vt. 与…竞争; 比得上某人; 4、vi. 竞争. 【例句】The world champion finished more than two seconds ahead of his nearest rival.世界冠军领先第二名2秒多钟到达终点。【其他】第三人称单数：rivals 复数：rivals 现在分词：rivalling 过去式：rivalled过去分词：rivalled.二、counterpart1、英[ˈkaʊntəpɑ:t] 美[ˈkaʊntərpɑ:rt]2、n.副本; 配对物; 相对物; 极相似的人或物;3、对应的人或物; 相对应的人; 对手。【例句】It uses regular expressions ( now built into JDK1.4) to parse the input file and create an XML counterpart.它使用正则表达式（现在已内置于JDK1.4中）来解析输入文件并创建一个XML副本。【其他】复数：counterparts 形近词： counterplay，counterplot，counterpane.
reduce词性+解释+用法
reduce
[ri5dju:s]
vt.
减少, 缩小, 简化, 还原reduce
re.duce
AHD:[r�0�1-d�6�9s“, -dy�6�9s“]
D.J.[ri6du8s, -6dju8s]
K.K.[r!6dus, -6djus]
v.（动词）
re.duced， re.duc.ing， re.duc.es
v.tr.（及物动词）
To bring down, as in extent, amount, or degree; diminish.See Synonyms at decrease
缩减，减轻：减少，如在范围、数量上或程度上减少；降低参见 decrease
To bring to a humbler, weaker, difficult, or forced state or condition; especially:
使卑下，使薄弱：发展到一个更卑下、虚弱、困难或强迫的地位或状态，特别是：
To gain control of; conquer:
控制，征服：取得对……的控制权；征服：
“a design to reduce them under absolute despotism”(Declaration of Independence)
“一个使他们沦落到极其专制统治下的计划”(独立宣言)
To subject to destruction:
攻陷，毁坏：遭到毁坏：
Enemy bombers reduced the city to rubble.
敌人的轰炸机把城市夷为平地
To weaken bodily:
衰弱：身体变虚弱：
was reduced almost to emaciation.
衰弱到近乎憔悴
To sap the spirit or mental energy of.
精神耗损：侵蚀……的精神或精力
To compel to desperate acts:
迫使：被迫做孤注一掷的举动：
The Depression reduced many to begging on street corners.
大萧条使许多人沦落到街头乞讨
To lower in rank or grade; demote.See Synonyms at demote
降级：降低等级或衔位；降级参见 demote
To powder or pulverize.
磨成粉：捣碎或碾碎
To thin (paint) with a solvent.
稀释：用溶剂使（染料）变稀
To lower the price of:
降价：降低……的价格：
The store has drastically reduced winter coats.
商店对冬装大减价
To put in order or arrange systematically:
有系统地整理：按顺序或系统地安排或组织：
reduce a complex tax situation.
将复杂的税务系统化
To separate into orderly components by analysis.
分析：通过分析分离成有序的成份
Chemistry
【化学】
To decrease the valence of (an atom) by adding electrons.
降低原子价：通过加入电子来减少（原子的）电子价
To remove oxygen from (a compound).
去氧：把（化合物）中的氧分离出去
To add hydrogen to (a compound).
加氢：在（化合物）中加氢
To change to a metallic state by removing nonmetallic constituents; smelt.
冶炼，提炼：通过除去非金属成分而变成金属状态；熔炼
Mathematics To simplify the form of (an expression, such as a fraction) without changing the value.
【数学】 约分：在不改变值的情况下简化（表达式，如分数的）形式
Medicine To restore (a fractured or displaced body part) to a normal condition or position.
【医学】 使复原，使复位：使（身体骨折或脱臼的部分）恢复到正常的状态或位置
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To become diminished.
变少
To lose weight, as by dieting.
减轻体重：如通过节食来减轻体重
Biology To undergo meiosis.
【生物学】 减数分裂Middle English reducen [to bring back]
中古英语 reducen [带回]
from Old French reducier
源自 古法语 reducier
from Latin red�0�7e
源自 拉丁语 red�0�7e
re- [re-]
re- [前缀，表“回应，后退”]
d�0�7e [to lead] * see deuk-
d�0�7e [引导] *参见 deuk- reduc“er
n.（名词）
reduc”ibil“ity
n.（名词）
reduc“ible
adj.（形容词）
reduc“ibly
adv.（副词）reduce
[rI5dju:s; (?@) -5du:s]
vt., vi.
reduced, reducing
减少；缩小；降低
They've reduced the prices in the shop, so it's a good time to buy.
商店已经降低了商品的价格，看来现在是买东西的好时候。
（与to连用）减少至
The fire reduced the forest to a few trees.
大火把森林烧得仅剩下几颗树。
This experienced editor is said to be able to reduce the misprints to almost nil.
据说这位经验丰富的老编辑能把印刷错误几乎降低到零。
（与to连用）变为，化为
to reduce the rocks to dust
把石块碎成粉末
（与to连用）强迫；迫使
She was reduced to begging.
她被迫乞讨。
减肥reduce
re- = back 往后+拉丁语ducere引导reduce
cutdecreasediminishlessenlowermoderateincrease
opponent, competitor, contestant 有什么区别，内涵意思上的？
opponent, competitor, enemy, foe, rival
这些名词均有“对手，敌手”之意。
opponent : 最常用词，通常指在争论、辩论、竞选或竞赛以及其它各种矛盾冲突中站在对立面的“对手”或“敌手”。
competitor : 指为同一目标或目的竞争者，一般无感情色彩。
enemy : 多指充满敌意的仇敌。
foe : 语气较强，多用于书面文字和诗歌中。指不仅敌对，而且很危险，怀有很深的敌意。
rival : 指与某人目标一致而想赶上或超过他的人。
contestant 用得较少，指参赛选手、持反对观点的人等。
