日本京都的详细英文介绍!
Kyoto (京都市, Kyōto-shi?) listen (help·info) is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. It has a population close to 1.5 million. Formerly the imperial capital of Japan, it is now the capital of Kyoto Prefecture, as well as a major part of the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area.
Although archaeological evidence places the first human settlement on the islands of Japan to approximately 10,000 BC, relatively little is known about human activity in the area before the 6th century AD. During the 8th century, when the powerful Buddhist clergy became involved in the affairs of the Imperial government, the Emperor chose to relocate the capital to a region far from the Buddhist influence. Emperor Kammu selected the village of Uda, at the time in the Kadono district of Yamashito Province, for this honor.[1]
The new city, Heian-kyō (平安京 "tranquility and peace capital"), became the seat of Japan's imperial court in 794, beginning the Heian period of Japanese history. Later, the city was renamed Kyoto ("capital city"). Kyoto remained Japan's capital until the transfer of the government to Edo in 1868 at the time of the Imperial Restoration. (Some believe that it is still a legal capital: see Capital of Japan.) After Edo was renamed Tokyo (meaning "Eastern Capital"), Kyoto was known for a short time as Saikyo (西京 Saikyō, meaning "Western Capital").
An obsolete spelling for the city's name is Kioto; it was formerly known to the West as Meaco or Miako (Japanese: 都; miyako "capital"). Another term commonly used to refer to the city in the pre-modern period was Keishi (京师), meaning "metropolis" or "capital".
The city suffered extensive destruction in the Ōnin War of 1467-1477, and did not really recover until the mid-16th century. Battles between samurai factions spilled into the streets, and came to involve the court nobility (kuge) and religious factions as well. Nobles' mansions were transformed into fortresses, deep trenches dug throughout the city for defense and as firebreaks, and numerous buildings burned. The city has not seen such widespread destruction since. Although there was some consideration by the United States of targeting Kyoto with an atomic bomb at the end of World War II, in the end it was decided to remove the city from the list of targets due to the "beauty of the city" (See Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), and the city was spared conventional bombing as well.
As a result, Kyoto is the only large Japanese city that still has an abundance of prewar buildings, such as the traditional townhouses known as machiya. However, modernization is continually breaking down the traditional Kyoto in favor of newer architecture, such as the Kyoto Station complex.
Kyoto became a city designated by government ordinance on September 1, 1956. In 1997, Kyoto hosted the conference that resulted in the protocol on greenhouse gas emissions that bears the city's name.
A common English pronunciation of Kyoto has three syllables as /key-oh-toe/ [kʰi'otəʊ]; however, the Japanese pronunciation has only two: [kʲoːto].
另外还有一段,你可以参考:
Kyoto became the imperial capital in the late eighth century when Emperor Kammu relocated the court from Nara . His first choice was Nagaoka, southwest of today's Kyoto, but a few inauspicious events led the emperor to move again in 794 AD. This time he settled on what was to be known as Heian-kyo , "capital of peace and tranquillity", which he modelled on the Chinese Tang-dynasty capital Chang'an (today's Xi'an). The new city was built on a rectangular grid of streets, symmetrical about a north-south axis, with the Imperial Palace to the north and the main entrance in the south. By the late ninth century the city was already overflowing onto the eastern hills and soon had an estimated population of 500,000. For the aristocrats at least, it was a life of exquisite refinement, characterized by boating parties and poetry-writing competitions, while Japanese arts were evolving their own identity independent of earlier Chinese influences.
From then on the city had a rather roller-coaster ride. In the late twelfth century a fire practically destroyed the whole place, but two centuries later the Ashikaga shoguns were busily building some of the city's finest monuments, among them the Golden and Silver Pavilions (Kinkaku-ji and Ginkaku-ji). Many of the great Zen temples were established at this time and the arts reached new levels of sophistication. Once again, however, almost everything was lost during the Onin Wars (1467-78), which were waged largely within the city over an Ashikaga succession dispute.
Kyoto's knight in shining armour, however, was Toyotomi Hideyoshi , who came to power in 1582 and sponsored a vast rebuilding programme. The Momoyama period , as it's now known, was a golden era of artistic and architectural ostentation epitomized by Kyoto's famous Kano school of artists , who decorated the temples and palaces with their sumptuous, gilded screens. Even when Tokugawa Ieyasu moved the seat of government to Edo (now Tokyo) in 1603, Kyoto remained the imperial capital and stood its ground as the nation's foremost cultural centre. While the new military regime went in for extravagant displays of power, such as the Nijo-jo palace built for Ieyasu but rarely used, the emperor and his cohorts cocked a snook at such lack of taste by developing a talent for superb understatement in their architecture, gardens, arts and even everyday utensils; the rustic simplicity of the tea ceremony also evolved during this period. Undoubtedly, this sudden delight in simplicity was born partly from necessity, but it nevertheless spawned many of the crafts for which Kyoto is now famous.
In 1788 another huge conflagration swept through the city, but worse was to come; in 1868 the new Emperor Meijimoved the court to Tokyo. Kyoto went into shock and the economy foundered - but not for long. In the 1890s a canal was built from Biwa-ko to the city, and Kyoto, like the rest of Japan, embarked on a process of modernization . This has continued to this day - amidst growing controversy in recent years - as Kyoto attempts to catch up with Tokyo and Osaka. Though many traditional wooden houses have been lost to developers, the city narrowly escaped a worse fate. At the end of World War II Kyoto featured high on the list of potential targets for the Atom Bomb, but was famously spared by American Defence Secretary, Henry Stimson, who recognized the city's supreme architectural and historical importance.
有关京都景点的英文介绍:
http://www.japanvisitor.com/index.php?cID=357&pID=309
付汇,收汇,结汇,购汇用英文怎么说?
付汇：payment收汇：Receipt of foreign exchange结汇：settlement of exchange购汇：Foreign exchange purchasing汇[词典] [经] exchange settlement; settlement of exchange; surrender of exchange;[例句]是的，我们会为您将款项结汇成人民币。A: Yes, we will change the proceeds into RMB for you.收汇[词典] exchange earnings;[例句]金融危机减少了我国企业出口的机会，增加了收汇风险和贸易风险。The financial crisis reduced the export opportunity of Chinese enterprises and increased the risk of foreign exchange and trade。扩展资料:基本要求1、申请必须采用公函形式，并加盖单位公章。申请要求文字简洁，内容完整，主要事项交代明确，与所提供的单据相符。2、每次来外汇局审核时，必须带合同(协议)原件及其它有关单证的原件和复印件，如情况特殊不能提供合同(协议)原件的，应以公函形式作出情况说明；我局审核后只留存复印件，原件在企业取审核件时退还企业。3、由于各外汇指定银行向企业发送的“到帐通知”不完全一样，银行到帐通知应盖有所在银行的印章。4、同一合同项下需多次报批的项目，第一次来我局审核时需填具我局印制的备案表，以便留存存档。5、如不符合上述要求，一律退回，不进行审核。参考资料来源：百度百科-付汇
日本京都英文介绍
Introduction to Kyoto
If you go to only one place in all of Japan, Kyoto should be it. Not only is it the most historically significant town in the nation, this former capital was also the only major Japanese city spared from the bombs of World War II. As such, it's rife with temples, shrines, imperial palaces, and traditional wooden homes. In nearby Nara, another former capital -- one even more ancient than Kyoto -- is Japan's largest bronze Buddha and more historic temples.
Even though its well-preserved architecture and relics are what put Kyoto on the sightseeing map, I've always felt that its scenes from daily life are what make the city exceptional. Kyoto is home to the nation's greatest concentration of craft artisans, making Kyoto famous for its shops dealing in textiles, dyed fabrics, pottery, bambooware, cutlery, fans, metalwork, umbrellas, and other goods. No wonder Kyoto is also home to 20% of Japan's national treasures.
As your Shinkansen bullet train glides toward Kyoto Station, however, your first reaction is likely to be great disappointment. There's Kyoto Tower looming in the foreground like some misplaced spaceship. Kyoto Station itself is strikingly modern and unabashedly high tech, looking as though it was airlifted straight from Tokyo. Modern buildings and hotels surround the station on all sides, making Kyoto look like any other Japanese town.
In other words, as Japan's seventh-largest city with a population of about 1.5 million people, Kyoto hasn't escaped the afflictions of the modern age. Yet it has always led a rather fragile existence, as a look at any of its temples and shrines will tell you. Made of wood, they've been destroyed through the years by man, fire, and earthquake and have been rebuilt countless times. Come and explore; you'll soon understand why I consider Kyoto to be Japan's most romantic city despite modernization. No one who comes to this country should miss the wealth of experiences this ancient capital has to offer.
