Father-Dala 的歌词
Dala - Horses
I am the boy who won’t let go
I live in my head
And I don’t look like my photos.
And I hate the sound of the world outside
’Cause everybody coming here
Can’t wait to say goodbye
And I followed your car
To my childhood home
And I looked for the key
Hidden under the stone
And I still hear the sound
In my father’s voice
When he lifts me up,
Like I’m a little boy
But I saw horses from my window
They were watching all the cars go
And they don’t care that I am broken
Close my eyes and run beside them
But I’m already free,
And I’m already free
So don’t look for me here
’Cause I run in my dreams
I am the girl who won’t let go
I live in my house
And I don’t like my photos
And I hate the sound
Of the world outside
And I still haven’t found
My place to hide
But I saw horses from my window
They were watching all the cars go
And they don’t care that I am broken
Close my eyes and run beside them
I saw horses from my window
They were watching all the cars go
And they don’t care that I am broken
Close my eyes and run beside them
Through the valleys and the pastures
And I know you’ll never find me
’Cause I’m already free,
And I’m already free
So don’t look for me here
’Cause I run in my dreams
In my dreams
Lrc by bayan from LK Lyrics Group
求DALA的Horses中文歌词
I am the boy who won’t let go我的男孩不愿走
I live in my head and I don’t look like my
photos我住在我的脑海里,我看起来不像我的照片
And I hate the sound of the world outside和我讨厌的声音,外面的世界
‘Cause everybody coming here因为每个人都来到这里
can’t wait to say goodbye等不及说再见
I followed your car to my childhood home我跟着你的车去我童年时代的家
And I和我
looked for the key hidden under the stone寻找隐藏的石头之下的关键
And I still hear the sound in my和我还听到声音在我
father’s voice父亲的声音
When he lifts me up like I’m a little boy当他会使我振作起来就像我是一个小男孩
And I saw horses我又看见马匹
from my window从我的窗户
They were watching all the cars go他们正在看所有的车去
And they don’t care that I他们不太在意我
am broken我打破
Close my eyes and run beside them闭眼睛并且在他们身旁转
‘Cause I’m already free
I’m
already free
So don’t look for me here,
‘cause I run in my dreams
the girl who won’t let go
I am
I live in my house and I don’t like my photos
And I
hate the sound of the world outside
And I still haven’t found my place to
hide
And I saw horses from my window
They were watching all the cars
go
And they don’t care that I am broken
Close my eyes and run beside
them
I saw horses from my window
They were watching all the cars go
And
they don’t care that I am broken
Close my eyes and run beside them
Through
the valleys and the pastures
And I know you’ll never find me
‘Cause I’m
already free
I’m already free
So don’t look for me here,
Don’t look for
me here
‘cause I run in my dream
In my dreams
托福TPO3阅读真题原文及答案翻译Part3
托福TPO作为托福的模考工具，它的题目对于我们备考托福很有参考价值，为了帮助大家备考，下面我给大家整理了托福TPO3阅读真题原文Part3，望喜欢！ 托福TPO3阅读真题原文Part3 The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their particular structure depends on the specific history of the area. Ecologists use the term "succession" to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes-in plant numbers and the mix of species-are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years. An ecologist who studies a pond today may well find it relatively unchanged in a year's time. Individual fish may be replaced, but the number of fish will tend to be the same from one year to the next. We can say that the properties of an ecosystem are more stable than the individual organisms that compose the ecosystem. At one time, ecologists believed that species diversity made ecosystems stable. They believed that the greater the diversity the more stable the ecosystem. Support for this idea came from the observation that long-lasting climax communities usually have more complex food webs and more species diversity than pioneer communities. Ecologists concluded that the apparent stability of climax ecosystems depended on their complexity. To take an extreme example, farmlands dominated by a single crop are so unstable that one year of bad weather or the invasion of a single pest can destroy the entire crop. In contrast, a complex climax community, such as a temperate forest, will tolerate considerable damage from weather to pests. The question of ecosystem stability is complicated, however. The first problem is that ecologists do not all agree what "stability" means. Stability can be defined as simply lack of change. In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable, since, by definition, it changes the least over time. Alternatively, stability can be defined as the speed with which an ecosystem returns to a particular form following a major disturbance, such as a fire. This kind of stability is also called resilience. In that case, climax communities would be the most fragile and the least stable, since they can require hundreds of years to return to the climax state. Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated with maximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwood forest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on the forest floor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability. Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability-just the opposite, in fact. A more complicated system is, in general, more likely than a simple system to break down. A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child's tricycle. Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans. We need to know what aspects of a community are most important to the community's resistance to destruction, as well as its recovery. Many ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the "patchiness" of the environment, an environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform. A local population that goes extinct is quickly replaced by immigrants from an adjacent community. Even if the new population is of a different species, it can approximately fill the niche vacated by the extinct population and keep the food web intact. Paragraph 1: Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their particular structure depends on the specific history of the area. Ecologists use the term "succession" to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes-in plant numbers and the mix of species-are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years. 托福TPO3阅读真题题目Part3 1. The word "particular" in the passage is closest in meaning to ○natural ○final ○specific ○complex 2. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities? ○They occur at the end of a succession. ○They last longer than any other type of community. ○The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change. ○They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time. Paragraph 2: An ecologist who studies a pond today may well find it relatively unchanged in a year's time. Individual fish may be replaced, but the number of fish will tend to be the same from one year to the next. We can say that the properties of an ecosystem are more stable than the individual organisms that compose the ecosystem. 3. According to paragraph 2, which of the following principles of ecosystems can be learned by studying a pond? ○Ecosystem properties change more slowly than individuals in the system. ○The stability of an ecosystem tends to change as individuals are replaced. ○Individual organisms are stable from one year to the next. ○A change in the members of an organism does not affect an ecosystem's properties. Paragraph 3: At one time, ecologists believed that species diversity made ecosystems stable. They believed that the greater the diversity the more stable the ecosystem. Support for this idea came from the observation that long-lasting climax communities usually have more complex food webs and more species diversity than pioneer communities. Ecologists concluded that the apparent stability of climax ecosystems depended on their complexity. To take an extreme example, farmlands dominated by a single crop are so unstable that one year of bad weather or the invasion of a single pest can destroy the entire crop. In contrast, a complex climax community, such as a temperate forest, will tolerate considerable damage from weather to pests. 4. According to paragraph 3, ecologists once believed that which of the following illustrated the most stable ecosystems? ○Pioneer communities ○Climax communities ○Single-crop farmlands ○Successional plant communities Paragraph 4: The question of ecosystem stability is complicated, however. The first problem is that ecologists do not all agree what "stability" means. Stability can be defined as simply lack of change. In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable, since, by definition, it changes the least over time. Alternatively, stability can be defined as the speed with which an ecosystem returns to a particular form following a major disturbance, such as a fire. This kind of stability is also called resilience. In that case, climax communities would be the most fragile and the least stable, since they can require hundreds of years to return to the climax state. 5. According to paragraph 4, why is the question of ecosystem stability complicated? ○The reasons for ecosystem change are not always clear. ○Ecologists often confuse the word "stability" with the word "resilience." ○The exact meaning of the word "stability" is debated by ecologists. ○There are many different answers to ecological questions. 6. According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true of climax communities?○They are more resilient than pioneer communities. ○They can be considered both the most and the least stable communities. ○They are stable because they recover quickly after major disturbances. ○They are the most resilient communities because they change the least over time. Paragraph 5: Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated with maximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwood forest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on the forest floor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability. Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability-just the opposite, in fact. A more complicated system is, in general, more likely than a simple system to break down. A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child's tricycle. 7. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 about redwood forests? ○They become less stable as they mature. ○They support many species when they reach climax. ○They are found in temperate zones. ○They have reduced diversity during mid-successional stages. 8. The word "guarantee" in the passage is closest in meaning to ○increase ○ensure ○favor ○complicate 9. In paragraph 5, why does the author provide the information that "A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child's tricycle"? ○To illustrate a general principle about the stability of systems by using an everyday example ○To demonstrate that an understanding of stability in ecosystems can be applied to help understand stability in other situations ○To make a comparison that supports the claim that, in general, stability increases with diversity ○To provide an example that contradicts mathematical models of ecosystems Paragraph 6: Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans. We need to know what aspects of a community are most important to the community's resistance to destruction, as well as its recovery. 10. The word "pales" in the passage is closest in meaning to ○increases proportionally ○differs ○loses significance ○is common Paragraph 7: Many ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the "patchiness" of the environment, an environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform. A local population that goes extinct is quickly replaced by immigrants from an adjacentcommunity. Even if the new population is of a different species, it can approximately fill the niche vacated by the extinct population and keep the food web intact. 11.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incurred choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. ○Ecologists now think that the stability of an environment is a result of diversity rather than patchiness. ○Patchy environments that vary from place to place do not often have high species diversity. ○Uniform environments cannot be climax communities because they do not support as many types of organisms as patchy environments. ○A patchy environment is thought to increase stability because it is able to support a wide variety of organisms. 12.The word "adjacent" in the passage is closest in meaning to ○foreign ○stable ○fluid ○neighboring Paragraph 6: █Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. █The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans. █We need to know what aspects of a community are most important to the community's resistance to destruction, as well as its recovery. █ 13.Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. In fact, damage to the environment by humans is often much more severe than damage by natural events and processes. Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage. 14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. The process of succession and the stability of a climax community can change over time. ● ● ● Answer choices ○The changes that occur in an ecosystem from the pioneer to the climax community can be seen in one human generation. ○A high degree of species diversity does not always result in a stable ecosystem. ○The level of resilience in a plant community contributes to its long-term stability. ○Ecologists agree that climax communities are the most stable types of ecosystems. ○Disagreements over the meaning of the term "stability" make it difficult to identify the most stable ecosystems. ○The resilience of climax communities makes them resistant to destruction caused by humans 托福TPO3阅读真题答案Part3 参考答案： 1. ○3 2. ○3 3. ○1 4. ○2 5. ○3 6. ○2 7. ○3 8. ○2 9. ○1 10. ○3 11. ○4 12. ○4 13. ○2 14. A high degree of species diversity The level of resilience in Disagreements over the 托福TPO3阅读翻译Part3 参考翻译：生态系统的长期稳定 植物群体可以自由地聚集，它们特殊的结构取决于聚集区域的具体历史。生态学家使用"演替"来诠释植物群落和生态系统随着时间推移所发生的变化。演替中的第一个群落被称作先锋群落，而处于演替最后那个长期生存的群落被称为顶极群落。先锋群落和紧接着的植物群落的变化周期是从1到500年不等，植物数量和混合种类数量的变化是慢慢积累的。顶极群落本身也改变，但其变化周期超过500年。 现代一个研究池塘的生态学会发现池塘在一年当中相对而言是不变的。个别鱼类可能被替换，但年复一年鱼的总数都趋于一致。也就是说，一个生态系统自身的属性要比由单一生物体组成的生态系统更稳定。 生态学家们一度认为物种的多样性使生态系统稳定，生态系统物种越多样则生态系统越稳定。通过观察得出的结论支持了这个观点，长期持久的顶极群落通常要比先锋群落具备更为复杂的食物网和更多的物种。生态学家家们得出的结论是：顶点生态系统的稳定性明显取决于他们的复杂化程度。举个极端的例子，在单一作物的农田中，一年的恶劣天气或单一害虫的入侵就可以摧毁所有作物。与此相反，在一个复杂的顶极群落里，如温带森林，他们便可以抵御来自气候和害虫的干扰和入侵。 不管怎样，生态系统稳定性的问题非常复杂。首先，不是所有的生态学家都赞同"稳定"的含义。稳定性可以简单地定义为缺乏变化。如果是这样的话，顶极群落将被视为最稳定的，因为根据定义，他们随着时间推移而变化得最少。另外，稳定性也可以界定为生态系统在经历了严重破坏之后回复原貌的速度，比如火灾。这种稳定性也被称作弹性。在这种情况下，顶极群落将是最脆弱和最不稳定的，因为他们可能需要数百年时间才能恢复到顶点状态。 即使是这种被定义为简单地缺乏变化的稳定性并非总是与最多样的物种联系起来。至少在温带地区，会经常在演替过程中发现最多物种，而不是在顶极群落中。例如，红杉树林一旦成熟，其中的物种数量以及单个物种的数量都会减少。一般来说，多样性本身并不能保证稳定性(事实上正相反)，生态系统的数学模型也可以得出同样的结论。一个更复杂的系统可能比一个简单的系统更容易被破坏(一个十五速的 赛车 比一个孩子的三轮车更容易损坏)。 生态学家们更想弄清楚到底哪些因素有助于促成群落的恢复，因为世界各地的顶极群落都因为人类活动而遭受到严重的损坏或毁坏。就像美国西北部圣海伦火山的猛烈喷发所造成的破坏，在人类活动对环境造成的破坏面前也相形见绌。我们必须了解对群落抵抗、破坏和恢复来说哪些是最重要的。 现在的很多生态学家们认为，顶极群落相对长期的稳定性并非来自于多样性，而是来自环境的"补缀"，随处变化的环境比始终如一的环境更有利于多种有机体的生存。当地物种灭亡后，马上就会被相邻群落的移民取代。即便是另一种不同的物种，他们也可以填补那些已灭绝生物的空缺，并保持食物网的完整。 托福TPO3阅读真题原文及答案翻译Part3相关 文章 ： 1. 新托福阅读考试需要多长时间
托福阅读TPO16(试题+答案+译文)第2篇
TPO是我们常用的托福模考工具，对我们的备考很有价值，下面我给大家带来托福阅读TPO16(试题+答案+译文)第2篇:Development of the Periodic Table。 托福阅读原文 The periodic table is a chart that reflects the periodic recurrence of chemical and physical properties of the elements when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number (the number of protons in the nucleus). It is a monumental scientific achievement, and its development illustrates the essential interplay between observation, prediction, and testing required for scientific progress. In the 1800's scientists were searching for new elements. By the late 1860's more than 60 chemical elements had been identified, and much was known about their descriptive chemistry. Various proposals were put forth to arrange the elements into groups based on similarities in chemical and physical properties. The next step was to recognize a connection between group properties (physical or chemical similarities) and atomic mass (the measured mass of an individual atom of an element). When the elements known at the time were ordered by increasing atomic mass, it was found that successive elements belonged to different chemical groups and that the order of the groups in this sequence was fixed and repeated itself at regular intervals. Thus when the series of elements was written so as to begin a new horizontal row with each alkali metal, elements of the same groups were automatically assembled in vertical columns in a periodic table of the elements. This table was the forerunner of the modern table. When the German chemist Lothar Meyer and (independently) the Russian Dmitry Mendeleyev first introduced the periodic table in 1869-70, one-third of the naturally occurring chemical elements had not yet been discovered. Yet both chemists were sufficiently farsighted to leave gaps where their analyses of periodic physical and chemical properties indicated that new elements should be located. Mendeleyev was bolder than Meyer and even assumed that if a measured atomic mass put an element in the wrong place in the table, the atomic mass was wrong. In some cases this was true. Indium, for example, had previously been assigned an atomic mass between those of arsenic and selenium. Because there is no space in the periodic table between these two elements, Mendeleyev suggested that the atomic mass of indium be changed to a completely different value, where it would fill an empty space between cadmium and tin. In fact, subsequent work has shown that in a periodic table, elements should not be ordered strictly by atomic mass. For example, tellurium comes before iodine in the periodic table, even though its atomic mass is slightly greater. Such anomalies are due to the relative abundance of the "isotopes" or varieties of each element. All the isotopes of a given element have the same number of protons, but differ in their number of neutrons, and hence in their atomic mass. The isotopes of a given element have the same chemical properties but slightly different physical properties. We now know that atomic number (the number of protons in the nucleus), not atomic mass number (the number of protons and neutrons), determines chemical behavior. Mendeleyev went further than Meyer in another respect: he predicted the properties of six elements yet to be discovered. For example, a gap just below aluminum suggested a new element would be found with properties analogous to those of aluminum. Mendeleyev designated this element "eka-aluminum" (eka is the Sanskrit word for "next") and predicted its properties. Just five years later an element with the proper atomic mass was isolated and named gallium by its discoverer. The close correspondence between the observed properties of gallium and Mendeleyev’s predictions for eka-aluminum lent strong support to the periodic law. Additional support came in 1885 when eka-silicon, which had also been described in advance by Mendeleyev, was discovered and named germanium. The structure of the periodic table appeared to limit the number of possible elements. It was therefore quite surprising when John William Strut (Lord Rayleigh, discovered a gaseous element in 1894 that did not fit into the previous classification scheme. A century earlier, Henry Cavendish had noted the existence of a residual gas when oxygen and nitrogen are removed from air, but its importance had not been realized. Together with William Ramsay, Rayleigh isolated the gas (separating it from other substances into its pure state) and named it argon. Ramsay then studied a gas that was present in natural gas deposits and discovered that it was helium, an element whose presence in the Sun had been noted earlier in the spectrum of sunlight but that had not previously been known on Earth. Rayleigh and Ramsay postulated the existence of a new group of elements, and in 1898 other members of the series (neon, krypton, and xenon) were isolated. 托福阅读试题 1.The phrase interplay in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to A.sequence B.interpretation C.requirement D.interaction 2.According to paragraph 1, what pattern did scientists notice when the known elements were written in order of increasing atomic mass? A.The elements of the group of alkali metals were the first elements in the order of increasing atomic mass. B.Repetition of the same atomic masses for elements in different groups appeared. C.Elements with similar chemical properties appeared in the listing at regular intervals. D.Elements were chemically most similar to those just before and after them in the order. 3.In paragraph 2, what is the author's purpose in presenting the information about the decision by Meyer and Mendeleyev to leave gaps in the periodic table? A.To illustrate their confidence that the organizing principles of the periodic table would govern the occurrence of all chemical elements B.To indicate that some of their analyses of periodic physical and chemical properties were later found to be wrong C.To support the idea that they were unwilling to place new elements in the periodic table D.To indicate how they handled their disagreement about where to place new elements 4.What reason does the author provide for the claim that Mendeleyev was bolder than Meyer?(in paragraph 2) A.Mendeleyev corrected incorrect information Meyer had proposed. B.Mendeleyev assumed that some information believed to be true about the elements was incorrect. C.Mendeleyev argued that Meyer had not left enough gaps in the periodic table. D.Mendeleyev realized that elements were not ordered by atomic mass in the periodic table. 5.According to paragraph 2, why did Mendeleyev suggest changing the atomic mass of indium? A.Because indium did not fit into the periodic table in the place predicted by its atomic mass. B.Because there was experimental evidence that the atomic mass that had been assigned to indium was incorrect. C.Because there was an empty space between cadmium and tin in the periodic table. D.Because the chemical properties of indium were similar to those of arsenic and selenium. 6.It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that tellurium comes before iodine in the periodic table even though tellurium's atomic mass is slightly greater because A.iodine is less common than tellurium B.both iodine and tellurium have no isotopes C.the chemical behavior of tellurium is highly variable D.the atomic number of tellurium is smaller than that of iodine 7.The phrase “abundance” in the passage (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to A.weight B.requirement C.plenty D.sequence 8.The phrase “analogous to” in the passage (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to A.predicted by B.expected of C.similar to D.superior to 9.Paragraph 3 suggests that Mendeleyev predicted the properties of eka-aluminum on the basis of A.the atomic mass of aluminum B.the position of the gap in the periodic table that eka-aluminum was predicted to fill C.the similarity of eka-aluminum to the other five missing elements D.observation of the properties of gallium 10.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that the significance of the discovery of gallium was that it supported which of the following? A.The idea that aluminum was correctly placed in the periodic table. B.Mendeleyev's prediction that eka-silicon would be discovered next. C.The organizing principle of the periodic table. D.The idea that unknown elements existed. 11.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage (paragraph 4)? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A.Ramsay found evidence of helium in the spectrum of sunlight before he discovered that the element was also contained in natural gas deposits on Earth. B.Ramsay thought he had discovered a new element present in natural gas deposits, but he was wrong since that element had been previously observed elsewhere on Earth. C.After Ramsay had discovered a new element, called helium, in natural gas deposits on Earth, he also found evidence of its presence in the Sun. D.Ramsay later discovered that helium, an element that was already known to be present in the Sun, was also present in natural gas deposits on Earth. 12.The word “postulated” in the passage (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to A.hypothesized B.discovered C.reported D.generated 13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? It was a natural Idea to break up the series of elements at the points where the sequence of chemical groups to which the elements belonged began to repeat itself. Paragraph1: The periodic table is a chart that reflects the periodic recurrence of chemical and physical properties of the elements when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number (the number of protons in the nucleus). It is a monumental scientific achievement, and its development illustrates the essential interplay between observation, prediction, and testing required for scientific progress. In the 1800's scientists were searching for new elements. By the late 1860's more than 60 chemical elements had been identified, and much was known about their descriptive chemistry. Various proposals were put forth to arrange the elements into groups based on similarities in chemical and physical properties. ■【A】The next step was to recognize a connection between group properties (physical or chemical similarities) and atomic mass (the measured mass of an individual atom of an element). ■【B】When the elements known at the time were ordered by increasing atomic mass, it was found that successive elements belonged to different chemical groups and that the order of the groups in this sequence was fixed and repeated itself at regular intervals. ■【C】Thus when the series of elements was written so as to begin a new horizontal row with each alkali metal, elements of the same groups were automatically assembled in vertical columns in a periodic table of the elements. ■【D】This table was the forerunner of the modern table. 14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. The periodic table introduced by Meyer and Mendeleyev was the forerunner of the modern table of elements. A.Lord Rayleigh provided evidence that the structure of the I—Ramsay and Lord Rayleigh challenged the importance of the periodic table limited the potential number of elements. B.Chemical research that Henry Cavendish had done a century earlier. C.Isotopes of a given element have exactly the same physical properties, but their chemical properties are slightly different. D. Mendeleyev and Meyer organized the known elements into a F chart that revealed periodic recurrences of chemical and physical properties. E.Mendeleyev's successful prediction of the properties of then- r unknown elements lent support to the acceptance of the periodic law. F.In the 1890's, Ramsay and Lord Rayleigh isolated argon and proposed the existence of a new series of elements. 托福 阅读答案 1.interplay相互作用，所以D的interaction正确。从单词本身看，inter表示在……之间，play是起到什么什么作用，所以interplay是相互作用。原句说观察、预测与实验相互作用，所以答案是interaction，A顺序B解释C要求都错。 2.以increasing atomic mass做关键词定位至倒数第三句，说把元素按照原子量增加的顺序排布，发现相邻元素属于不同的族，族的顺序是固定的，每隔固定数量的元素会重现。所以正确答案是C。A的alkali metals，B的same atomic mass原文都没说;D说相邻元素性质相近与原文相反。 3.修辞目的题，先找到两个人名，说两个人都非常有远见，在周期表中给没发现的元素留了空隙，也就是A说的他们足够自信认为元素周期律适用于所有元素;B的wrong和C的unwilling都跟原文说反;D的disagreement原文没说。 4.修辞目的题，先找到两个人名，说门捷列夫比梅伊尔更胆儿大，他推测如果用来在周期表中排序的原子量与元素周期律互相冲突的时候，就说明原子量错了，也就是选项B说的门捷列夫认为以前被大家所认识到的一些东西是错的。两个人的意见是一样的，只是门捷列夫更进一步，所以A和C说两者的意见有差异不对;D说不是按原子量排序的错。 5.以changing the atomic mass of indium做关键词定位至第六句，说由于元素周期表中砷和硒之间没有空位，所以铟的原子量是错的。因为前面说如果原子量把元素放错了位置，就说明原子量是错的，后一句是为了证明这个观点的，所以答案是A。B的experimental evidence和D的化学性质相似原文都没说;C有space与原文相反。 6.以tellerium coms before iodine做关键词定位至倒数第五句for example处，但这句话只是一个例子，所以往前看，说元素不应该严格按照原子量排列，而且最后一句又说决定元素化学性质的是原子序数，不是原子量，也就是应该按照原序数量排列，所以答案D正确。A谁common谁不common，B有没有同位素还有C的化学性质多变没有信息能推出。 7.abundance丰度，答案是plenty。原句说这种异常，也就是尽管原子量大却排在前面这种异常是由于同位素的什么，然后后面就解释每种同位素的原子序数相同，但中子数不同，导致原子量不同，猜到每种同位素的多少不同，所以答案plenty，B要求D顺序明显不对;A重量不同原文已经直接说了不用再说一遍。 8.analogous to可类比的，相似的，所以答案similar to正确。原句说铝元素之下的空格表明一个性质与铝怎么样的元素的存在，前文都说了相邻的元素属于不同的族，而且族会相隔
