谁能提供一篇关于美国总统竞选的英语文章？
How do the Americans elect their president?
Every four years, Americans will have a presidential election. As the most powerful country in the world, the election of president is a hot issue all over the world. There are many people focus on it. Actually, the system of electing a president is very complex. There are four major steps to elect president.
First, Nomination of Candidates
June of the Election year, in each state, two parties---the democracy and the republican will choose different electors as their representatives. How Do the Political Parties Choose Their Candidates? That's up to the political parties. Most political parties hold conventions, which are large meetings attended by "delegates." Some delegates are selected by state "primary" elections, some are selected by state caucuses (very much like primaries, except with public voting instead of secret ballots), and some are chosen for their prominence in the party. A majority of delegate votes is needed to win the party's nomination. In most cases, the delegates let their chosen presidential candidate select a vice-presidential candidate.
After all the states have elected their candidates, the Congress will vote for the Candidates of two parties. The one who get the most votes will be the candidate of his party. In the general election, each candidate for President runs together. They must be at least 35 years of age, they must be native-born citizens of the United States, and they must have been residents of the U.S. for at least 14 years. (Also, a person cannot be elected to a third term as President.)
Second, the Campaign Period
The candidates of the parties will hold a campaign throughout the country. This is the most important period of election of president, usually from September to November. The forms of campaign include, give speeches in different states, and meet with votes and public debt with his rival candidate. The purpose of campaign is to gain support of people as much as possible. This is the most wonderful part.
Third, Election for President Voters
The national presidential election actually consists of a separate election in each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia; in these 51 elections, the voters are really voting for "electors" pledged to one of the tickets. These electors make up the "Electoral College." Each state has the same number of electors as it has senators and representatives (there are two senators from each state, but the number of representatives depends on the state population in the most recent census). The District of Columbia, although it isn't a state, also participates in presidential elections -- it currently has three electors. Generally speaking, the voters will vote for the candidate who represents his party.
Finally, Voters Vote the President
The Electoral College then votes for President and for Vice-President, with each elector casting one vote; these votes are called electoral votes. Each elector is pledged to vote for particular candidates for President and Vice-President. In most elections, all the electors vote in accordance with the pledge they made; it is not clear what would happen in the unlikely event that a large number of electors violated their pledge and voted differently.
Normally, one of the candidates for President receives a majority (more than half) of the electoral votes; that person is elected President. That candidate's vice-presidential running mate will then also receive a majority of electoral votes (for Vice-President), and that person is elected Vice-President. The result will be announced in the sixth day of January, the next year of election year.
Through the above complex process, the new president will be elected. Although there are many arguments pro and con the Electoral College, but this system does guarantee that the person elected President has substantial support distributed throughout the U.S. The Electoral College has also been a major factor in the United States' long-term political stability.
谁有关于美国选举的英文评论？
Elections are the lifeblood of a democracy. The word democracy literally means "the people rule," an important concept in America's history. In the mid-1700s, England began passing laws that made the American colonies angry. The colonists had to pay more and more taxes and enjoyed less and less freedom. They felt the government of England didn't represent their interests. On July 4, 1776, the colonies declared their independence from England. They wanted to establish a democracy where people could have a voice in government. 选举是民主的原动力。民主这个字照字面的意思是「人民自主」，是美国历史中一个重要的观念。十八世纪中期，英国开始通过一些使美国殖民地愤怒的法律。殖民地人民必须付愈来愈多的税，享有愈来愈少的自由。他们感到英国政府没有代表他们的权益。一七七六年七月四日，殖民地宣布脱离英国独立。他们想要建立民主制度，使人们在政府中有发言权。 An effective democracy holds regular elections. In America, elections are held every two years for members of Congress. In these elections, all seats in the House of Representatives and one-third of the Senate seats are up for grabs. In addition, every four years, voters go to the polls to elect the nation's president and vice-president. Voters also regularly cast their ballots for state and city government leaders and local school board members. Sometimes they also have to vote on a proposed law. 有效的民主制度定期举行选举。在美国，每两年选一次国会议员。在这些选举中，人们可以争取所有众议院的席位和三分之一的参议院席位。除此以外，选民每四年去投票所选出国家的总统和副总统。选民也定期投票选出州长、市长及当地学校的董事会成员。有时他们也必须投票决定提议的法律。 In the American electoral system, people don't really vote for presidential candidates. Instead, voters cast their ballots for "electors" who support each candidate. Each state has as many electors as the total number of its representatives in Congress. This equals two senators per state plus the number of its representatives in the House (which is based on the state's population). The candidate who has the most votes in a state wins all of the state's electors. To win the presidential election, a candidate must gain at least 270 of the 538 total electoral votes. 在美国的选举制度中，人们并不直接投票给总统候选人，而是由选民投票给支持各个候选人的「选举人」。每一州的选举人人数和代表此州的国会议员人数相同，等于每一州有两位参议员，加上众议院的众议员人数（以各州的人口为基准）。在一个州里拥有最多票数的候选人就赢得了那一州所有选举人的票数。要赢得总统大选，候选人必须至少获得总共538个选举人中的270张票。 Over the years, the U.S. has made a number of election reforms. Some early reforms outlawed cheating, giving bribes and threatening voters. They also limited the amount of money candidates could receive from donors and spend on their campaigns. In 1870, black people gained the right to vote, and in 1920, that right was extended to women. In recent decades, laws against unfair rules for voting have been passed. No longer do people have to pay a special tax or pass a test in order to vote. In 1971, the voting age was lowered to 18. Other reforms made voting easier for the blind, the disabled and people who couldn't read. In some areas, ballots had to be printed in languages besides English. 多年来，美国在选举方面做了一些改革。早期有些改革禁止作弊、收受贿赂或威胁选民。他们也限制候选人从捐赠者那儿获得的金额数目及花在竞选宣传上的费用。一八七○年，黑人获得选举权。一九二○年，权利延伸至妇女。近几十年来，通过了反对不公平选举规则的法律。人们不再需要付特殊的税或通过测验才能选举。一九七一年，投票的年龄降至十八岁。其它的改革减轻了盲人、残障者及文盲投票的困难。在某些地区，选票上面除了英文以外，还必须印上别的文字。 In November, Americans will again elect those who will represent them in government. Although some citizens aren't even registered to vote--and some registered voters don't bother to go to the polls--most Americans exercise their right to vote. They realize that their future is wrapped up in a special package--the ballot box. It's a package that must definitely be "handled with care." 十一月五日，美国人要再一次选出在政府中代表他们的人。虽然有些市民甚至不是法定投票人──有些法定投票人懒得去投票──但是大多数的美国人都会行使他们投票的权利。他们了解他们的未来包在一个特别的箱子里──投票箱。它实在是一个必须「小心处理」的箱子。
选举的英语单词
选举 election; elect;
[例句]他在这次选举中击败了对手。
He defeated his opponents in this election.
elect 英[ɪˈlekt] 美[ɪˈlɛkt]
vt. 选举; 挑出，挑选; 决定;
vi. 选择，挑选; 进行选举;
adj. 精选的，选出的; 选中的，当选而尚未就职的;
[例句]The people of the Philippines have voted to elect a new president
菲律宾人民已投票选举出了一位新总统。
写一些与地球有关的英语单词和短语
the earth, plants, animals, people, forests, rivers, sky, seas,oceans, mountains, birds, pests, beasts, people, farmers, cities, towns, countries, islands, water, crops, flowers, environment, pollute, pollution, destroy, provent / stop...from...; protect ...from/against...; protection, forest fires, air pollution, environtmental pollition, food pollution, lakes, be the home of...; be in danger; be dangerous to...; be harmful to health; suffer from...; take actions; take steps to do...; have only one earth; become more and mor serious; be polluted by...; be against...; help...with...;
governments; factories, countryside, urban, rural 等等
请问在美国总统选举中，citizens，voters，electors的区别分别是什么(英语回答)
A voter is a citizen who votes. In many states, it's possible to tell if you've voted in past elections (the voting log is a public record) although obviously not who you voted for. The party political machines do keep track of this in states where these records are publicly accessible, and thus can tell "voter" from "nonvoting citizen". Some citizens are not allowed to vote. The most common reason is age, as those under 18 are not generally allowed to vote, but are still citizens. Others include having been adjudicated as mentally incompetent and having been convicted of a felony.Under current law, all voters are citizens. In theory, it's possible for a state or municipality to allow noncitizens to vote in nonfederal elections, but at the present time no jurisdiction allows this. New York City used to allow noncitizens who have children in the school system to vote in school board elections, but this was repealed (in 2006, if I am not mistaken).Elector, a member of an electoral collegeConfederate elector, a member of the Electoral College (Confederate States), which elected the President Jefferson Davis, and Vice President Alexander H. StephensU.S. Presidential and Vice Presidential elector, a member of the Electoral College (United States), which formally chooses the President and Vice President of the United States
选民的词义解释
解释一：直接解释为有选举权的公民。[Voter;Elector] 有选举权的公民。在主权国家，凡是具有本国国籍、达到法定年龄——现代一般规定为年龄满18周岁（含）以上的本国公民都有选举权。我国对选民的限制少。只有三种。1、年龄：要求年满18周岁。2、国籍：必须具有中国国籍。3、政治权利：没有被剥夺政治权利。解释二：宗教术语，指被上帝选定可以获救的人。与“弃民”相对。
(java web开发)我想做一个投票系统，需要实现到达指定时间，该投票关闭的功能。 比如，投票A
在用户点击投票按钮的时候你肯定会进行服务端访问来进行投票记录，在服务端做投票记录的时候，判断一下服务器的时间是否到了关闭投票的时间了。如果是的话，就返回，然后在网页端告诉用户投票已经截至了。如果你想一打开网页的时候就告诉用户投票已经截至的话，可以在加载投票数据之后，告诉用户。不用什么特别的框架之类的，就用jsp+servlet+jdbc就够了。
IMDB是怎么评分的，都是中国人评的吗？
不是，中国人很少，先注册用户，但你为一部电影打得分数不一定会最终成为参评票。多数为美国人，目前公开的规则是每个用户可以为任何一部影，视，剧打分，只能用1到10的十个整数表示，最后世界上所有用户的分算平均分，之后排名，但每部电影总票数有一定的要求，部分规则保密，包括专家团的意见，今天有两部华语电影在250里，但都十分居后，卧虎藏龙和无间道，这主要原因是中国人的投票数少，一般来说，总票数越高，其排名越高。最近的一部土耳其战争片得到过9.3分的高分，甚至高于第一9.1的分数，现在大概在210多名。
IMDb的b要小写，请注意。
但总的来说，还是美国人在主导，总有不客观的地方。
imdb上的排名规则是怎样的?
http://www.mov6.com/top/imdb250/
IMDB是目前全球互联网中最大的一个电影资料库，里面包括了几乎所有的电影，以及1982
年以后的电视剧集。IMDB的资料中包括了影片的众多信息，演员，片长，内容介绍，分级
，评论等，就个人买碟而言，很大程度上也是参考IMDB的得分。
而IMDB的得分又是如何来的呢？它的可靠性又有多少呢？让我们通过《魔戒1：护戒使者》
来做具体分析吧，先看上图：
这张图就是魔戒1的所有评分者的分数的一个条状统计图。
从中我们可以看到各个分数段的大致比例，比如这儿就可以发现，超过一半的人是打满分
的。
根据IMDB网站上公布的TOP250评分标准：
imdb top 250用的是贝叶斯统计的算法得出的加权分(Weighted Rank-WR)，公式如下：
weighted rank (WR) = (v ÷ (v+m)) × R + (m ÷ (v+m)) × C
其中：
R = average for the movie (mean) = (Rating)
（是用普通的方法计算出的平均分）
v = number of votes for the movie = (votes)
（投票人数，需要注意的是，只有经常投票者才会被计算在内，这个下面详细解释）
m = minimum votes required to be listed in the top 250 (currently 1250)
（进入imdb top 250需要的最小票数，只有三两个人投票的电影就算得满分也没用的）
C = the mean vote across the whole report (currently 6.9)
（目前所有电影的平均得分）
另外重点来了，根据这个注释：
note: for this top 250， only votes from regular voters are considered.
只有‘regular voters‘的投票才会被计算在IMDB top 250之内，这就是IMDB防御因为某
种电影的fans拉票而影响 top 250结果，把top 250尽量限制在资深影迷投票范围内的主要
方法。regular voter的标准不详，估计至少是“投票电影超过xxx 部以上”这样的水平，
搞不好还会加上投票的时间分布，为支持自己的心爱电影一天内给N百部电影投票估计也不
行。
因此，细心的人可以注意到，列入IMDB top 250的电影，其主页面上的分数与250列表中的
分数是不同的。
以魔戒1为例，它在自己的页面http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120737/中的分数是8.8，
而列表中是8.7。一般 250表中的得分都会低于自己页面中的得分，越是娱乐片差距越大。
这大概是因为regular voter对于电影的要求通常较高的关系
