汉英

时间:2024-05-13 08:42:28编辑:优化君

英汉语言对比

你的问题太大了,建议你去读下英语、汉语两种语言的发展史,有兴趣再去研究下语言学等学科。这里只能简单概括的说下:两种语言同样学五年,英语好学,两种语言同样学十年,汉语好学。英语的词汇量约有三百万,常用单词三五万,但汉语常用字约三千,未学随着信息社会的迅猛发展,汉语有着无与伦比的信息承载优势,若中国成为超级大国,未来的世界定是汉语的世界。


根据语言现象谈谈英汉语言差异的原因?

语言的差异来源于语言的发展历史过程,汉语的词汇基本上是双字结构,主谓式或动宾式的。因此可以用比较少的词汇来表达一个相对复杂的概念。除了汉语以外的大部分语言都比较缺少这样的结构。
这可以主要地归功于秦始皇的功劳!在秦始皇之前的汉字据说有50多万个,这种表达方式和现在的英语有点相似,同样的鸡,除了公鸡母鸡,每一种不同毛色的鸡都有一个专用词。
造成了语言文字的极度不统一。结果秦始皇把那些书呆子都坑了。把汉字限制到了2万个,就像近代推广普通话一样。才造就了中华文明的继续辉煌。
可以把计算机的编程语言和各名族的语言做一个对照。那么汉语就像是C++一样是高级编程语言,而其他的那些,就比较低级的编程语言。


什么英文翻译词典比较好?

词典有两种:学习型词典和工具型词典。
首先要确定你需要这本词典做什么,用于学习还是用于查难词。
根据你的需求,一本学习型词典是很好的选择了。一说词典都在推荐牛津啊、高阶啊,我真不知道有多少人真正了解各字典的差别,也很怀疑国人的英语是否已经到了都需要高阶字典的时候。
真的是很误导。最简单的:随便拿本原著小说,有多少人能顺畅看懂?一篇小学生作文你能否很地道地翻成英文?再简单点,学习型字典里的单词解释那么好,有多少人是在看英文解释而不是去看汉语解释的?一个单词在牛津里有几十个意思,你知道你需要掌握那些?有些词基本上只用于被动形式,有些只用于否定形式,这些你知道吗?
如果你英语底子可以,就买本英英学习型字典,其解释用词都在3000基本词汇里。
退一步的话可以买个双解的。 目前学习型词典最好的是柯林斯和朗文。 各有特色,柯林斯多是IF语句解释。 解释的同时相当于告诉你这词怎么用了。个人比较推荐


英语成语

爱屋及乌Love me, love my dog.
百闻不如一见Seeing is believing.
比上不足,比下有余"worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst
笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start.
不眠之夜white night
不以物喜,不以己悲not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses
不遗余力spare no effort; go all out; do one\'s best
不打不成交"No discord, no concord.
拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul
辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new
大事化小,小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all
大开眼界open one\'s eyes; broaden one\'s horizon; be an eye-opener
国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace
过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little
功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits.
好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more
好事不出门,恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.
和气生财Harmony brings wealth
活到老,学到老One is never too old to learn.
既往不咎let bygones be bygones
金无足赤,人无完人Gold can\'t be pure and man can\'t be perfect.
金玉满堂Treasures fill the home
脚踏实地be down-to-earth
脚踩两只船sit on the fence
君子之交淡如水the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green
老生常谈,陈词滥调cut and dried, cliché
礼尚往来Courtesy calls for reciprocity.
留得青山在,不怕没柴烧"Where there is life, there is hope."
马到成功achieve immediate victory; win instant success
名利双收gain in both fame and wealth
茅塞顿开be suddenly enlightened
没有规矩不成方圆Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards.
每逢佳节倍思亲
On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one\'s dear ones far away.
It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.
谋事在人,成事在天"The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. / Man proposes, God disposes. "
弄巧成拙be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself.
拿手好戏masterpiece
赔了夫人又折兵throw good money after bad
抛砖引玉a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catch a whale
破釜沉舟cut off all means of retreat;burn one‘s own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the end
抢得先机take the preemptive opportunities
巧妇难为无米之炊If you have no hand you can\'t make a fist./ One can\'t make bricks without straw.
千里之行始于足下a thousand-li journey begins with the first step--the highest eminence is to be gained step by step
前事不忘,后事之师Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future.
前人栽树,后人乘凉One generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation rests.
One sows and another reaps.
前怕狼,后怕虎fear the wolf in front and the tiger behind/ hesitate in doing something
强龙难压地头蛇Even a dragon (from the outside) finds it hard to control a snake in its old haunt - Powerful outsiders can hardly afford to neglect local bullies.
强强联手win-win co-operation
瑞雪兆丰年A timely snow promises a good harvest.
人之初,性本善Man\'s nature at birth is good.
人逢喜事精神爽Joy puts heart into a man.
人海战术huge-crowd strategy
世上无难事,只要肯攀登"Where there is a will, there is a way. "
世外桃源a fictitious land of peace away from the turmoil of the world;
死而后已until my heart stops beating
岁岁平安Peace all year round
上有天堂,下有苏杭"Just as there is paradise in heaven, ther are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth."
塞翁失马,焉知非福Misfortune may be an actual blessing.
三十而立"A man should be independent at the age of thirty.
At thirty, a man should be able to think for himself."
升级换代updating and upgrading (of products)
四十不惑Life begins at forty.
谁言寸草心,报得三春晖"Such kindness of warm sun, can\'t be repaid by grass. "
水涨船高When the river rises, the boat floats high.
时不我待Time and tide wait for no man.
杀鸡用牛刀break a butterfly on the wheel
实事求是seek truth from facts; be practical and realistic; be true to facts
说曹操,曹操到Talk of the devil and he comes.
实话实说speak the plain truth; call a spade a spade; tell it as it is
实践是检验真理的唯一标准Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.
山不在高,有仙则名"No matter how high the mountain is, its name will spread far and wide if there is a fairy; "
韬光养晦hide one\'s capacities and bide one\'s time
糖衣炮弹sugar-coated bullets
天有不测风云Anything unexpected may happen. a bolt from the blue
团结就是力量Unity is strength.
“跳进黄河洗不清”"eve if one jumped into the Yellow River, one can not wash oneself clean--there\'s nothing one can do to clear one\'s name "
歪风邪气unhealthy practices and evil phenomena
物以类聚,人以群分Birds of a feather flock together.
往事如风"The past has vanished (from memory) like wind.; What in past, is past."
望子成龙hold high hopes for one\'s child
屋漏又逢连阴雨Misfortunes never come singly. When it rains it pours.
文韬武略military expertise; military strategy
唯利是图draw water to one\'s mill
无源之水,无本之木water without a source, and a tree wiithout roots
无中生有make/create something out of nothing
无风不起浪There are no waves without wind. There\'s no smoke without fire.
徇私枉法bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends
新官上任三把火a new broom sweeps clean
虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
蓄势而发accumulate strength for a take-off
心想事成May all your wish come true
心照不宣have a tacit understanding; give tacit consent; tacit understanding
先入为主First impressions are firmly entrenched.
先下手为强catch the ball before the bound
像热锅上的蚂蚁like an ant on a hot pan
现身说法warn people by taking oneself as an example
息事宁人pour oil on troubled waters
喜忧参半mingled hope and fear
循序渐进step by step
一路平安,一路顺风speed somebody on their way; speed the parting guest
严以律己,宽以待人be strict with oneself and lenient towards others
鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey
有情人终成眷属"Jack shall have Jill, all shall be well."
有钱能使鬼推磨Money makes the mare go. Money talks.
有识之士people of vision
有勇无谋use brawn rather than brain
有缘千里来相会Separated as we are thousands of miles apart, we come together as if by predestination.
与时俱进advance with times
以人为本people oriented; people foremost
因材施教teach students according to their aptitude
欲穷千里目,更上一层楼"to ascend another storey to see a thousand miles further; Ascend further, were you to look farther; Would eye embrace a thousand miles? Go up, one flight."
欲速则不达Haste does not bring success.
优胜劣汰survival of the fittest
英雄所见略同Great minds think alike.
冤家宜解不宜结Better make friends than make enemies.
冤假错案"cases in which people were unjustly, falsely or wrongly charged or sentenced; unjust, false or wrong cases"
一言既出,驷马难追A real man never goes back on his words.
招财进宝Money and treasures will be plentiful
债台高筑become debt-ridden
致命要害Achilles\' heel
众矢之的target of public criticism
知己知彼,百战不殆Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.
纸上谈兵be an armchair strategist
纸包不住火Truth will come to light sooner or later.
左右为难between the devil and the deep blue sea; between the rock and the hard place


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