Inflectional affixes (屈折词缀)(inflectional morphemes):
inflection: the manifestation of grammatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes,such as number,person,finiteness,aspect and case,which do not change the grammatical class of the stems to which they are attached.
屈折变化:屈折变化是通过附加屈折词缀的语法关系的表现,如数、人称、有定性、体、格,屈折词缀不会改变所附加词语的语法类。
用法affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional
Inflectional affixes
屈折词缀加在词干的后边,传递不同的语法关系或语法范畴,如数、时、格等。如 books中的-s是屈折词缀,传递复数;wiser中的-er是屈折词缀,传递比较级概念,等。
①名词复数标记-s/-es:books,buses,
watches
②名词所有格标记-’s:China's,John's
③动词第三人称单数标记-s/-es:puts,
takes,catches,washes
④动词过去时(动词过去分词)标记-ed:
worked
⑤动名词(动词现在分词)标记-ing:working
⑥形容词/副词比较级标记-er:bigger,
faster,harder
⑦形容词/副词最高级标记-est:
biggest,fastest,hardest