airpollution

时间:2024-11-06 14:54:49编辑:优化君

What is air pollution?

Air pollution is a chemical
physical (e.g. particulate matter)
or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. The atmosphere is a plex
dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on pla Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth's ecosystems. Worldwide air pollution is responsible for large numbers of deaths and cases of respiratory disease. Enforced air quality standards
like the Clean Air Act in the United States
have reduced the presence of some pollutants. While major stationary sources are often identified with air pollution
the greatest source of emissions is actually made up by mobile sources
mainly the automobiles. Gases such as carbon dioxide
which contribute to global warming
have recently gained recognition as pollutants by some scientists. Others recognize the gas as being essential to life
and therefore incapable of being classed as a pollutant.
参考: ***
Air pollution is a chemical
physical (e.g. particulate matter)
or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. The atmosphere is a plex
dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on pla Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth's ecosystems. Worldwide air pollution is responsible for large numbers of deaths and cases of respiratory disease. Enforced air quality standards
like the Clean Air Act in the United States
have reduced the presence of some pollutants. While major stationary sources are often identified with air pollution
the greatest source of emissions is actually made up by mobile sources
mainly the automobiles. Gases such as carbon dioxide
which contribute to global warming
have recently gained recognition as pollutants by some scientists. Others recognize the gas as being essential to life
and therefore incapable of being classed as a pollutant.
参考: ***
ari pullton is something that machines or others make out some dirt in the air and that is air pullution
One type of air pollution is the release of particles into the air from burning fuel for energy. These include *** og
acid rain
the greenhouse effect
and "holes" in the ozone layer.
空气污染=air pollution


Air Pollution

空气污染 -原因(REASON): 1.MOST OF THE HOUSEHOLD USING AIR CONDITIONER.PRODUCE CARBON DIOXIDE. 2.CAR RELEASE SOME TOXIC GAS. 3.RAPID INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT LEAD TO AIR POLLUTION. 4.PEOPLE SMOKING. 5.HIGH LIVING STANDARD
PEOPLE ABLE TO BUY AIR CONDITIONER. -影响(EFFECT): 1.AFFECT PEOPLE WHICH SUFFER FROM HEALTH PROBLEM
FOR EXAMPLE:ASTHEMA PATIENT. 2.THE TEMPERATURE KEEP RISING PER YEAR 3.AFFECT NORTH POLE
ICE MELTING 4ANIMAL EXTINCTION. -解决方法(SOLUTION): 1.USE LESS CAR OR ELECTRIC APPLIANCES. 2.LIVE GREEN. 3. THE CONCEPT OF THREE R(3R):REPRODUCE +REUSE+RECYCLE. 4.MINIMIZE ENERGY USING
参考: ME
空气污染指一些危害人体健康及周边环境的物质对大气层所造成的污染。这些物质可能是气体、固体或液体悬浮物等。我们日常呼吸的空气,是由多种化学物质所组成,最普遍的元素是氮,其次是氧。每种气体的成份并不是固定的,会有轻微的转变。如果空气中的污染物数量少的话,对人体和环境的影响会比较轻微,但当这些污染物增加至危险的水平,我们就要想办法把他们从空气里消除。空气污染主要可以分为化学污染和生物污染两部份。也有人把噪音、热量、辐射和光的污染归入空气污染的类别里。 主要成因一般的空气污染成因可以大致分为自然和人为两种原因:天然的空气污染: 火山活动来自沙漠区或缺乏植被地区所刮起的风沙来自动物排出的有毒气体,如牛只在消化完植物后所排放的甲烷。山火所释出的烟人为的空气污染通常由于燃烧燃料引致,而这可能由下列各种活动引起: 过度畜牧时所引起的沙尘或在耕种时所产生的化学残余物一般工业活动使用内燃机的车辆燃烧化石燃料引起的污染油漆或其他挥发性溶剂气溶胶 空气污染不限于室外,室内的空气也会受污染,但污染的机制有所不同,例如吸烟是最常见的室内空气污染来源。详见室内空气污染。污染物空气的污染物可分为污染气体和悬浮物。常见的污染气体包括:可以和水混合而成酸雨的酸性气体,如二氧化硫、氮氧化物;温室气体,如二氧化碳、氟氯碳化物(CFCs);对人体有毒气体,如一氧化碳、碳氢化合物等。对流层臭氧。 (注:在对流层以上的臭氧,如果在平流层的话,不会扩散;在电离层的话,可以阻挡紫外光及其他来自太阳的强烈辐射,反而对环境有好处。)可构成悬浮微粒的化学物质,例如钡、铜、铍、汞、铬、砷和氟化物皆为可构成悬浮微粒的化学物质。悬浮物通常以颗粒的大小来区分,而当中的可吸入悬浮粒子则可影响人体。这些可吸入悬浮粒子还可以再细分为PM10和PM2.5两类:PM10(即直径小于10微米)的颗粒,这种颗粒不能被身体的防御机制阻挡,可以直达肺部,所以十分危险;PM2.5的颗粒比PM10的更危险,因为它的颗粒小于2.5微米,可以穿透肺泡到达血液。直径约为0.1mm的粉尘有超过50%会沉积在肺部,含硅的粉尘更会对人体造成永久伤害,例如引致矽肺病。 香烟尘是常见的悬浮微粒,因粒径小(在0.001至0.1mm之间)、扩散力强,在静止空气中几乎可以不沉落,不仅即时可见污染恶果,长期吸入更可以导致肺癌。其他常见的悬浮粒子:矽Silicon、铝aluminum、钙calcium、锰manganese、铁iron (来源:泥土、地壳和建筑活动)钒Vanadium、镍nickel (来源:以油作为燃料的燃烧工序)镉cadmium 、碳氢化合物hydrocarbons (来源:焚化)碳、铅lead、溴bromine、 碳氢化合物 (来源:汽车废气)钠Sodium、氯chloride、镁、钾potassium (来源:海洋)硝酸盐Nitrate、硫酸盐sulphate、铵 ammonium (来源:次生污染形成物) 影响空气污染可严重影响个人健康、生态系统和社会。个人健康: 二氧化硫、二氧化氮等气体和悬浮粒子可 *** 呼吸系统、眼睛,造成不适;高浓度时可引发心脏病及呼吸系统疾病。一氧化碳与身体血红蛋白结合,形成不易分解的碳氧血红蛋白,影响血液运送氧气的能力。铅影响人的神经系统,令儿童智力发展迟缓。二氧化氮在阳光下与空气中的碳氢化合生化学作用,形成对流层臭氧和硝酸过氧化乙醘(光化学烟雾的主要成份)。碳氢化合物,尤其是多环性芳香化合物可致癌。氟氯碳化物会破坏臭氧层,导致更多紫外线抵达地面,增加患癌的机会。空气中的烟尘使气喘患者发作的频率升高。使腹中胎儿出生后畸型的机率上升。可能影响生殖系统,从而导致人类生育能力下降。世界卫生组织估计,每年空气污染造成大约200万人早死,其中一多半早死的人在发展中国家。生态系统: 烟尘等粒子覆盖植物的叶片,阻碍植物吸收阳光,因此降低光合作用的效率。二氧化硫、二氧化氮溶于空气中的水份,形成酸雨、酸雾、酸雪,或直接溶于水体(湖泊、溪涧),降低水土酸碱度,使植物和水中生物死亡。二氧化硫能直接杀死地衣。社会: 酸雨侵蚀金属及大理石建筑、雕像,毁坏户外文物、艺术品。酸雨降低土壤酸碱度,降低农产品收成。光化学烟雾降低能见度,影响旅游业及对空中交通造成危险。因空气污染而致病的人口造成医疗负担。能见度降低,游客减少,经济倒退。
一般的空气污染成因可以大致分为自然和人为两种原因: 天然的空气污染: 火山活动来自沙漠区或缺乏植被地区所刮起的风沙来自动物排出的有毒气体,如牛只在消化完植物后所排放的甲烷。山火所释出的烟人为的空气污染通常由于燃烧燃料引致,而这可能由下列各种活动引起: 过度畜牧时所引起的沙尘或在耕种时所产生的化学残余物一般工业活动使用内燃机的车辆燃烧化石燃料引起的污染油漆或其他挥发性溶剂气溶胶 空气污染不限于室外,室内的空气也会受污染,但污染的机制有所不同,例如吸菸是最常见的室内空气污染来源。 影响空气污染可严重影响个人健康、生态系统和社会。个人健康: 二氧化硫、二氧化氮等气体和悬浮粒子可 *** 呼吸系统、眼睛,造成不适;高浓度时可引发心脏病及呼吸系统疾病。一氧化碳与身体血红蛋白结合,形成不易分解的碳氧血红蛋白,影响血液运送氧气的能力。铅影响人的神经系统,令儿童智力发展迟缓。二氧化氮在阳光下与空气中的碳氢化合生化学作用,形成对流层臭氧和硝酸过氧化乙醘(光化学烟雾的主要成份)。碳氢化合物,尤其是多环性芳香化合物可致癌。氟氯碳化物会破坏臭氧层,导致更多紫外线抵达地面,增加患癌的机会。空气中的烟尘使气喘患者发作的频率升高。使腹中胎儿出生后畸型的机率上升。可能影响生殖系统,从而导致人类生育能力下降[1]。世界卫生组织估计,每年空气污染造成大约200万人早死,其中一多半早死的人在发展中国家[2]。生态系统: 烟尘等粒子覆盖植物的叶片,阻碍植物吸收阳光,因此降低光合作用的效率。二氧化硫、二氧化氮溶于空气中的水份,形成酸雨、酸雾、酸雪,或直接溶于水体(湖泊、溪涧),降低水土酸碱度,使植物和水中生物死亡。二氧化硫能直接杀死地衣。社会: 酸雨侵蚀金属及大理石建筑、雕像,毁坏户外文物、艺术品。酸雨降低土壤酸碱度,降低农产品收成。光化学烟雾降低能见度,影响旅游业及对空中交通造成危险。因空气污染而致病的人口造成医疗负担。能见度降低,游客减少,经济倒退。如何减低空气污染尽量骑乘自行车或电动机车取代机车。使用环保电池。避免使用含氟氯碳化物(CFCs)的产品如冷冻剂和气溶胶的喷雾剂、喷发剂等。少开车。尽量使用公共运输工具。长时间等候时关掉引擎,减少汽车废气。拒绝购买没有催化转化器(catalytic converter)的汽车,转化器可以把一氧化碳、碳氢化合物及二氧化氮转化为水、二氧化碳和氮气。选购低排气污染的车辆,例如混合动力车。使用无铅汽油和超低含硫量柴油,避免铅化合物和二氧化硫的产生。避免在日间天气较热的时段加油,以减少汽油在油缸受热而泄出的汽油汽体。戒菸,如无法戒烟则改用无烟菸品(没有二手菸害的菸品),如无烟菸品无法满足则慎选抽菸地点,避免二手菸害伤害别人。购买少包装的产品,因印刷包装物料时,会释出挥发性有机化合物。
以下网址一定可以解决你的问题^^ zh. *** /zh/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93


有关环保的高中英语作文:空气污染 Air Pollution

In the past few decades, our Earth has changed a lot, but to the bad direction. Among these changes, the air pollutions resulting from a huge number of automobiles and coal-burning is almost the severest. The severe air pollution alarms humans of the heavy load we have exerted on Earth by our insatiable production and usage of automobiles. However, with the deepening of urbanization, more cars are needed, which will make the air pollution worse. Therefore, the following actions should be taken. First, we should apply the most cutting-edge technologies in order to adopt new forms of energy as substitutes for fossil fuels. Second, try hard to develop possible transportation means, which are enviromental friendly. So that the citizens can reduce the dependence on cars. In short, our humans should take responsibilities for the air pollution and have to find ways to solve this problem.
在过去的几十年中,我们的地球发生了很大变化,但是是往坏的方向。在这些变化中,大量汽车和煤燃烧产生的空气污染是最为严重的。严重的空气污染警告人类,我们无休止的的生产和使用汽车给我们的地球带来了沉重的负荷。然而,随着城市化的加深,汽车的需求量也越大,这会导致空气污染更严重。因此,我们应该采取以下行动。首先,我们应该运用最尖端的技术,以新型能源作为化石燃料的替代品。其次,努力寻找可能的环境友好型交通方式。这样城市居民就可以减少对汽车的依赖。简而言之,人类应该承担空气污染的责任,寻找解决这一问题的方法。


空气污染-保护环境英语作文带翻译

Air pollution is one of the major problems of the modern world. A great deal of energy is needed to run the factories of modern industrial nations.

现代社会空气污染的一个主要的原因是,现代工业园区的工厂需要大量的能源。

Automobile, trains, planes and busses need energy, too. Nearly all of this energy is produced by burning fuels. The burning produces wastes, some of which remain in the air, causing air pollution.

汽车、火车、飞机和公共汽车都需要能量,几乎所有的能量通过燃烧燃料产生,燃烧产生的废汽造成空气污染。

Scientists are finding ways to stop air pollution especially in big industrial areas and densely-populated cities.

科学家们正在寻找阻止空气污染的方法,尤其是在大工业区和人口稠密的城市的。

They are studying new ways of generating electricity that may be less damaging to the environment. In the meantime, many power plants are being modernized to give off less polluted material.

,他们正在研究发电的新途径,可以减少对环境的损害.与此同时,许多发电厂正在实现现代化以减少污染物质.

Also, engineers try to design and locate new power plants to do minimum damage to the environment. However, it may be that we still have a long way to go before we have a "clean" world. Nearly all of the countries are trying hard to prevent and control air pollution.

同时,工程师们尝试和找到对环境的损害最小的新型能源。然而,在我们有一个“干净”的世界之前我们还有很长的路要走。几乎所有的国家都在努力预防和控制空气污染。

There indeed seems to be no end to tasks that environmentalists will be required to do. People will continually find new ways to control pollution.

看来环保主义者要做的任务乎没有尽头,人们会不断地寻找新的方法来控制污染。


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